Author Topic: any idea why the color white is not visible? (Read 5585 times)

madscijr · « **on:** December 12, 2021, 04:00:08 pm »

I've got a little problem that has been driving me crazy.

This isometric 2.5D code (Exhibit A below) is working pretty good, except for one small problem -
it can't seem to draw the color white! Where white should be, there is only blank.

However, in a simple test on the isolated graphics routines (Exhibit B below), white appears just fine.

If anyone has a minute and could lend a second set of eyes, it would be much appreciated,
because I haven't be able to figure out what the problem is.

Exhibit A: the full program, works except can't draw white?

Code: QB64: [Select]

' ################################################################################################################################################################
' #TOP
 
' Isomatric mapping demo re-revisited
' Version 3.00.12 by madscijr
 
' Based on Isometric Mapping Demo
' by SMcNeill, bplus, and others at
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1903.30
 
' This crude version uses a 3-dimensional array (32x32x32)
' to store cubes of different colors,
' and draws them to the screen in 2.5D "isometric".
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' DONE:
' * Render cubes that block the view of the player as transparent.
' * 2-D top down "map" view of the player's current Z slice.
' * variable grid size
' * change arrMap to global shared variable (for simpler code) & rename m_arrMap
' * allow player to rotate their view
' * preliminary multiplayer changes
'   - move player info into array (upto 4 players)
'   - key mapping variables
' * fixed some keyboard input (repeating keys, continuous motion)
' * fixed right point of view bug where x & y coordinates were reversed
' * preliminary multiplayer changes
'   - split screen display (4, 6, or 8?)
'     + for now display player 1's world rotated in each window (for editor)
'       * x4: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward
'       * x6: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up, c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward
'       * x8: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up, c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, (none), (none)
'     + will eventually be one per player
' * 2D minimap background = cKhaki&
' * , and . change minimap size
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TO DO:
' * editor v1 = simple drawing program
'   - add type RecordType to hold recording steps
'   - add array m_arrRecord of RecordType to hold recording
'   - display available tiles/colors/etc. at bottom of screen
'     + 26 colors including empty
'     + 2 tiles (empty, wall)
'   - cursor places tiles (ENTER = add/delete at current space)
'   - 0-9 keys change colors/etc.
'   - CTRL+Z, CTRL+Y UNDO & REDO ? (save levels of undo, or history of commands)
'   - save screens to file (stored as editable text)
'     + FORMAT: [tile=t][color@x,y,z][color@x,y,z][color@x,y,z]...
'   - load screens into array m_arrRecord
'     + PARSER:
'       1. replace all ][ with [
'       2. split by "[" into simple 1D array
'       3. each element is either "tile=t" or "plot=color@x,y,z"
'       4. parse data into array to playback recording
'          [n][0] = command
'                   -1 = select tile "tile=t"
'                   0+ = color to plot "color@x,y,z"
'          [n][1] = parameter #1 = tile
'          [n][2] = parameter #2 = x
'          [n][3] = parameter #3 = y
'          [n][3] = parameter #4 = z
'   - run commands in m_arrRecord to plot tiles and display
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' * rotating view changes orientation of keys (get it working)
 
' * add parameters to tiles
' * - color scheme (for cycle colors)
 
' * add tiles
'   - transparent lights (blinking / cycle colors)
 
' * editor v2 = simple animation program
'   - records cursor movements and adding/deleting tiles
'   - press key to record a "frame"
'     + flash screen + play a sound
'   - can change animation speed
'   - realtime=on command enables redrawing screen every step (until realtime=off command encountered)
'   - playback mode recreates editing actions
'   - playback updates screen every "update"
'   - tweak save format (still editable text)
'     + FORMAT: [cls][rotate=d][speed=n][tile=t][color@x,y,z][tile=t][color@x,y,z][update][tile=t][color@x,y,z][realtime=on][tile=t][color@x,y,z]...
'     + PARSER:
'       1. replace all ][ with [
'       2. split by "[" into simple 1D array
'       3. each element is either "color@x,y,z", "tile=t", "cls", "update", "speed=s", "realtime=on", "realtime=off", "rotate=d"
'       4. parse array into array of LONG for playback
'          [n].Command
'                   -7 = rotate point of view (up, down, left, right, back, forward) "rotate=d"
'                   -6 = disable screen update every step "realtime=off"
'                   -5 = enable screen update every step "realtime=on"
'                   -4 = set speed "speed=s"
'                   -3 = update screen "update"
'                   -2 = clear screen "cls"
'                   -1 = select tile "tile=t"
'                   0+ = color to plot "color@x,y,z"
'          [n].Param1 = parameter #1 = tile, speed, direction
'          [n].Param2 = parameter #2 = x
'          [n].Param3 = parameter #3 = y
'          [n].Param4 = parameter #4 = z
'   - effects of gravity (from bottom up, ie z=0 to z=max)
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' * expand world to bigger than screen (2.5d scrolling view)
 
' * editor v3 = mouse
'   - mouse movement controls cursor x,y position
'   - mouse wheel controls z position
'   - left click draws a tile
'   - right click erases a tile
'   - ENTER records a frame
'   - Add animation playback command:
'          [n][0] = command
'                   -8 = enable user to rotate image in realtime with mouse? "mouse=on"
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TO DO (LATER):
' * local multiplayer (2-4 players)
'   - split screen (x2 or x4)
 
' * fix/control screen placement/rendering/scroll boundaries for grid sizes 
'   (to not overwrite other players, go off screen, etc., when grid size changes)
 
' * auto-rotate view depending on direction player is facing
 
' * control the x/y/z slice axis, for a cutaway view
 
' * gravity (players stay on ground, can fall)
' * player can climb up to next level if it is 1 tile higher
' * add ability to jump over 1 space
 
' * option to remap keys
' * support game controllers
' * game controller calibration/mapping function
 
' * option to hide objects out of player's line-of-sight
 
' * show player as a stick figure (like "Realm of Impossibility")
' * walking movement
 
' * add tiles (water, ladders, steps, ropes, windows, doors, etc.)
' * add toggle tiles - door "opens" when triggered
' * triggers
' * add tiles
'   - Water = transparent blue)
'   - Window = more transparent cyan)
 
' * add directional tiles (can be rotated?)
'   - ladder
'   - bridge
'   - hand-over-hand bars?
'   - Slope45 = 45° slope <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - InvSlope45 = 45° inverted slope <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - Pyramid45 = 45° pyramid "cap stone" <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - ramp (player can walk up/down slope45)
 
' * add ability to climb ladders + climbing animation
' * add ability to walk up ramps with smooth z-movement inbetween tiles
' * add ability to climb monkey bars (animation like lode runner)
 
' * simultaneously show additional 1st person view
' * add ability for tilting head up/down in first person
 
' * simple open world (players can add/remove tiles, build in real time)
' * make simple games (maze craze, capture the flag, snake, surround, 2.5d pong)
' * make more complex games (berzerk, lode runner, atari combat / tank)
' * make awesome complex games (2.5d lunar lander, atari adventure, asteroids, gravitar, etc.)
' * text adventure features (to create graphic Infocom or Scott Adams style games)
 
' * for 2.5D animation program: independent animated objects?
'   - 2.5D sprites?
'     + animation sequence
'     + motion path / algorithm
'     + storage / library
'     + multiple instances?
'   - gravity? (tile falls if no tiles underneath)
 
' ################################################################################################################################################################
 
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL DECLARATIONS a$=string, i%=integer, L&=long, s!=single, d#=double
' div: int1% = num1% \ den1%
' mod: rem1% = num1% MOD den1%
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' boolean constants
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const FALSE = 0
Const TRUE = Not FALSE
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' KeyDownConstants
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iKeyDown_Esc = 27
Const c_iKeyDown_F1 = 15104
Const c_iKeyDown_F2 = 15360
Const c_iKeyDown_F3 = 15616
Const c_iKeyDown_F4 = 15872
Const c_iKeyDown_F5 = 16128
Const c_iKeyDown_F6 = 16384
Const c_iKeyDown_F7 = 16640
Const c_iKeyDown_F8 = 16896
Const c_iKeyDown_F9 = 17152
Const c_iKeyDown_F10 = 17408
Const c_iKeyDown_Tilde = 96
Const c_iKeyDown_1 = 49
Const c_iKeyDown_2 = 50
Const c_iKeyDown_3 = 51
Const c_iKeyDown_4 = 52
Const c_iKeyDown_5 = 53
Const c_iKeyDown_6 = 54
Const c_iKeyDown_7 = 55
Const c_iKeyDown_8 = 56
Const c_iKeyDown_9 = 57
Const c_iKeyDown_0 = 48
Const c_iKeyDown_Minus = 45
Const c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus = 61
Const c_iKeyDown_BkSp = 8
Const c_iKeyDown_Ins = 20992
Const c_iKeyDown_Home = 18176
Const c_iKeyDown_PgUp = 18688
Const c_iKeyDown_Del = 21248
Const c_iKeyDown_End = 20224
Const c_iKeyDown_PgDn = 20736
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_7_Home = 18176
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_8_Up = 18432
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_9_PgUp = 18688
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_4_Left = 19200
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_6_Right = 19712
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_1_End = 20224
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_2_Down = 20480
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_3_PgDn = 20736
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_0_Ins = 20992
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_Period_Del = 21248
Const c_iKeyDown_Tab = 9
Const c_iKeyDown_Q = 113
Const c_iKeyDown_W = 119
Const c_iKeyDown_E = 101
Const c_iKeyDown_R = 114
Const c_iKeyDown_T = 116
Const c_iKeyDown_Y = 121
Const c_iKeyDown_U = 117
Const c_iKeyDown_Pipe = 105
Const c_iKeyDown_O = 111
Const c_iKeyDown_P = 112
Const c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft = 91
Const c_iKeyDown_BracketRight = 93
Const c_iKeyDown_Backslash = 92
Const c_iKeyDown_A = 97
Const c_iKeyDown_S = 115
Const c_iKeyDown_D = 100
Const c_iKeyDown_F = 102
Const c_iKeyDown_G = 103
Const c_iKeyDown_H = 104
Const c_iKeyDown_J = 106
Const c_iKeyDown_K = 107
Const c_iKeyDown_L = 108
Const c_iKeyDown_SemiColon = 59
Const c_iKeyDown_Apostrophe = 39
Const c_iKeyDown_Enter = 13
Const c_iKeyDown_Z = 22
Const c_iKeyDown_X = 120
Const c_iKeyDown_C = 99
Const c_iKeyDown_V = 118
Const c_iKeyDown_B = 98
Const c_iKeyDown_N = 110
Const c_iKeyDown_M = 109
Const c_iKeyDown_Comma = 44
Const c_iKeyDown_Period = 46
Const c_iKeyDown_Slash = 47
Const c_iKeyDown_Up = 18432
Const c_iKeyDown_Left = 19200
Const c_iKeyDown_Down = 20480
Const c_iKeyDown_Right = 19712
Const c_iKeyDown_Spacebar = 32
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Constants for layers
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONST cTerrainType = 1
CONST cObjectsType = 2
CONST cPlayersType = 3
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Tile value constants for map (MapTileType.Typ)
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iTile_Empty = 0
Const c_iTile_Floor = 1
Const c_iTile_Wall = 2
Const c_iTile_Water = 3
Const c_iTile_Window = 4
Const c_iTile_Player1 = 5
Const c_iTile_Player2 = 6
Const c_iTile_Player3 = 7
Const c_iTile_Player4 = 8
Const c_iTile_Blinking = 9
Const c_iTile_Snow = 10
Const c_iTile_Slope45 = 11
Const c_iTile_InvSlope45 = 12
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' constants for 2.5D movement
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iDir_Down = 1
Const c_iDir_Up = 2
Const c_iDir_Left = 3
Const c_iDir_Right = 4
Const c_iDir_Back = 5
Const c_iDir_Forward = 6
Const c_iDir_Min = 1
Const c_iDir_Max = 6
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' constants for drawing the 2.5D screen
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const cGridOffsetX = 50
Const cGridOffsetY = 50
Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
Const cScreenOffsetX = 500
Const cScreenOffsetY = 300
Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' =============================================================================
' USER DEFINED TYPES
' =============================================================================
Type MapTileType
    Typ As Integer ' c_iTile_Empty, c_iTile_Floor, c_iTile_Wall, etc.
    'Vis As Integer ' TRUE = visible, FALSE = don't render
    'Lit As Long ' light offset
    Color1 As Long ' main color
    Color2 As Long ' secondary color if needed
    Color3 As Long ' third color if needed
    Alpha1 As Long ' transparency of tile Color1
    Alpha2 As Long ' transparency of tile Color2
    Alpha3 As Long ' transparency of tile Color3
    AlphaOverride As Integer ' can be used to override alpha (255 treated as opaque)
End Type ' MapTileType
 
Type RecordType
    Command As Integer
    Param1 As Integer
    Param2 As Integer
    Param3 As Integer
    Param4 As Integer
End Type ' RecordType
 
' UDT TO HOLD THE INFO FOR A PLAYER
TYPE PlayerType
    IsEnabled AS Integer ' TRUE or FALSE
    x AS Integer ' player x position
    y AS Integer ' player y position
    z AS Integer ' player z position
    Direction AS Integer ' direction player is moving: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward; not used: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
    View AS Integer ' player's viewing orientation (direction screen is being looked at from), can be: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
    Tile1 As Long ' later we will instead use directional animation sequences
    
    Color1 As Long ' main color
    'Color2 As Long ' secondary color if needed
    'Color3 As Long ' third color if needed    
    
    Alpha1 As Long ' transparency of player Color1
    'Alpha2 As Long ' transparency of player Color2
    'Alpha3 As Long ' transparency of player Color3
    
    ColorScheme1 As Long ' for cycling colors
    ColorSchemeSpeed1 As Long
    ColorSchemeCount1 As Long
    
    'ColorScheme2 As Long ' for cycling colors
    'ColorSchemeSpeed2 As Long
    'ColorSchemeCount2 As Long
    
    'ColorScheme3 As Long ' for cycling colors
    'ColorSchemeSpeed3 As Long
    'ColorSchemeCount3 As Long
    
    AlphaOverride As Integer ' can be used to override alpha (0 treated as opaque)
    
    IsMoving As Integer ' TRUE/FALSE
    IsMoved As Integer ' TRUE/FALSE
    
    GridSize As Integer
    MapSize As Integer
    
    'hx AS Integer ' home base x position
    'hy AS Integer ' home base y position
    'ex AS Integer ' exit x position
    'ey AS Integer ' exit y position
    'wins AS Integer ' count # of wins
    'points AS Long ' count points (more points for harder)
    'difficulty AS Integer ' 1-5, from 1 (easiest, maze width 5) to 5 (hardest, maze width 1). Each win awards {difficulty} # of points.
    'speed AS Integer ' the higher the faster
    'delay AS Integer ' counter, player can move based on speed
    'bit AS Integer ' bit value for masking player in map
    'rows AS Integer ' # of rows in player's maze
    'cols AS Integer ' # of columns in player's maze
END TYPE ' PlayerType
 
' KEY MAPPING v1
' UDT TO HOLD THE KEY MAPPINGS
TYPE DirKeyMapType
    KeyBack As Long
    KeyForward As Long
    KeyLeft As Long
    KeyRight As Long
    KeyUp As Long
    KeyDown As Long
END TYPE ' DirKeyMapType
 
' SPLIT SCREEN OFFSETS
TYPE SplitScreenType
    GridOffsetX As Integer
    GridOffsetY As Integer
    GridOffsetZ As Integer
    ScreenOffsetX As Integer
    ScreenOffsetY As Integer
    ScreenOffsetZ As Integer
END TYPE ' SplitScreenType
 
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL VARIABLES
Dim Shared m_ProgramPath$ : m_ProgramPath$ = Left$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\"))
Dim Shared m_ProgramName$ : m_ProgramName$ = Mid$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\") + 1)
Dim Shared m_iGridSize As Integer : m_iGridSize = 8 ' BEFORE, < 10 wass causing problems with PAINT, but new method doesn't use PAINT, so nyah!
Dim Shared m_iGridSizeMin As Integer : m_iGridSizeMin = 1
Dim Shared m_iGridSizeMax As Integer : m_iGridSizeMax = 128
 
Dim Shared m_iMapMinX As Integer : m_iMapMinX = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxX As Integer : m_iMapMaxX = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidX As Integer : m_iMapMidX = (m_iMapMaxX-m_iMapMinX)\2
Dim Shared m_iMapMinY As Integer : m_iMapMinY = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxY As Integer : m_iMapMaxY = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidY As Integer : m_iMapMidY = (m_iMapMaxY-m_iMapMinY)\2
Dim Shared m_iMapMinZ As Integer : m_iMapMinZ = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxZ As Integer : m_iMapMaxZ = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidZ As Integer : m_iMapMidZ = (m_iMapMaxZ-m_iMapMinZ)\2
 
Dim Shared m_iPlayerMin As Integer : m_iPlayerMin = 1
Dim Shared m_iPlayerMax As Integer : m_iPlayerMax = 4
Dim Shared m_iPlayerCount As Integer : m_iPlayerCount = 0
Dim Shared m_iObjectCount As Integer : m_iObjectCount = 0 ' <- TO BE USED WHEN WE HAVE OBJECTS
 
' Max # tiles in (32x32x32) world = 32,768
' Max # tiles for 16 (32x32x32) worlds = 524,288
' Max # tiles for 256 (32x32x32) worlds = 8,388,608
Dim Shared m_iRecordMin As Long : m_iRecordMin = 0
Dim Shared m_iRecordMax As Long : m_iRecordMax = 524288
 
Dim Shared m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrRender1(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrPlayer(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax) As PlayerType
Dim Shared m_arrRecord(m_iRecordMin To m_iRecordMax) As RecordType
 
' For each player, map the 6 directional keys differently for each of the 6 directional orientations!
Dim Shared m_arrDirKeyMap(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax, c_iDir_Min To c_iDir_Max) As DirKeyMapType
 
' Store offsets for splitscreen
Dim Shared m_arrSplitScreen(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax) As SplitScreenType
 
' Store colors in an array
Dim Shared m_arrColors(0 To 25) As Long
 
' =============================================================================
' LOCAL VARIABLES
Dim in$
 
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
' ACTIVATE DEBUGGING WINDOW
$Console
_Delay 4
_Console On
_Echo "Started " + m_ProgramName$
_Echo "Debugging on..."
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
' =============================================================================
' START THE MAIN ROUTINE
main
 
' =============================================================================
' FINISH
System ' return control to the operating system
Print m_ProgramName$ + " finished."
Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", in$
 
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
' DEACTIVATE DEBUGGING WINDOW
_Console Off
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
End
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub main
    Dim RoutineName as String : RoutineName = "main"
    Dim in$
    Dim result$
    
    Screen 0
 
    Do
        Cls
        Print m_ProgramName$
        Print
        Print "Isomatric Mapping Demo Re-visited"
        Print "v3.00.12, by Softintheheadware (Dec, 2021)"
        Print
        'PRINT "CONTROLS: PRESS <ESC> TO RETURN TO MENU"
        'PRINT "PLAYER  LEFT       RIGHT       UP        DOWN       "
        'PRINT "1       CRSR LEFT  CRSR RIGHT  CRSR UP   CRSR DOWN  "
        'PRINT "2       KEYPAD 4   KEYPAD 6    KEYPAD 8  KEYPAD 2   "
        'PRINT "3       A          S           W         Z          "
        'PRINT "4       J          K           I         M          "
        'PRINT
 
        Print "1. (TBD)"
        Print "2. (TBD)"
        Print "3. (TBD)"
        Print "4. BoxDrawTest1$ <- draws white OK"
        Print "5. Draw in 2.5D! <- draws all colors except white(?)"
        Print
        Print "What to do? ('q' to exit)"
 
        Input in$: in$ = LCase$(Left$(in$, 1))
 
        If in$ = "1" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo1$
        ElseIf in$ = "2" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo2$
        ElseIf in$ = "3" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo3$
        ElseIf in$ = "4" Then
            result$ = BoxDrawTest1$
        ElseIf in$ = "5" Then
            result$ = IsometricDraw1$
        End If
        
        If LEN(result$) > 0 Then
            PRINT result$
        End If
        
    Loop Until in$ = "q"
End Sub ' main
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo1$
    IsometricDemo1$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo2$
    IsometricDemo2$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo2
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo3$
    IsometricDemo3$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo3
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Test all the values 0-255 for style
' The style% signed INTEGER value sets a dotted pattern to draw the line or rectangle outline.
 
Function BoxDrawTest1$
    Dim in$
    Dim iSize%
    Dim iDrawX%
    Dim iDrawY%
    Dim iFromX%
    Dim iFromY%
    Dim iToX%
    Dim iToY%
    Dim iNextColor&
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iSpace%
    Dim sError As String : sError = ""
    
    iSize% = 48 ' {n}x{n} pixels square
    iDrawX% = 10
    iDrawY% = 10
    iNextColor& = cWhite&
    iSpace% = 8
    Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32) : _ScreenMove 0,0
    FOR iLoop = 0 TO 255
        DrawStyledOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, iLoop
        'DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%+1, iDrawY%+1, iSize%-2, iNextColor&, iLoop
        
        iDrawX% = iDrawX% + iSize% + iSpace%
        IF iDrawX% > (1280 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
            iDrawX% = 10
            iDrawY% = iDrawY% + iSize% + iSpace%
            
            IF iDrawY% > (1024 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                sError = "Ran out of Y space."
                EXIT FOR
            END IF
        END IF
    NEXT iLoop
    
    IF LEN(sError)=0 THEN
        FOR iLoop = 1 TO (iSize% \ 2)
            DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, iLoop
            iDrawX% = iDrawX% + iSize% + iSpace%
            IF iDrawX% > (1280 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                iDrawX% = 10
                iDrawY% = iDrawY% + iSize% + iSpace%
                IF iDrawY% > (1024 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                    sError = "Ran out of Y space."
                    EXIT FOR
                END IF
            END IF
        NEXT iLoop
    END IF
    
    LOCATE 58,1
    IF LEN(sError) > 0 THEN
        PRINT sError
    END IF
    INPUT "PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE";in$
    
    WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
    SCREEN 0
    
    BoxDrawTest1$ = ""
End Sub ' BoxDrawTest1$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Lets you draw a scene in 2.5D and save it to a file. Woo hoo!
 
' Version 1 only supports 2 tile types:
' c_iTile_Empty
' c_iTile_Wall
 
Function IsometricDraw1$
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "IsometricDraw1"
    Dim sResult AS String : sResult = ""
    Dim sError As String: sError = ""
    Dim iX%
    Dim iY%
    Dim iZ%
    Dim iNewX%
    Dim iNewY%
    Dim iNewZ%
    Dim iMyColor&
    Dim iColorScheme%
    Dim iDirection%
    Dim bFound As Integer
    DIM bDone As Integer
    Dim in$
    Dim iTotal% ' compute total available spaces
    Dim iCount% ' count # of spaces searched
    Dim bEnableRepeatingKeys As Integer
    Dim iLastKey As Integer ' USED WHEN REPEATING KEYS DISABLED
    Dim iLoop1 As Integer
    Dim iLoop2 As Integer
    
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iNextColor&
    Dim iFirstColor&
    Dim bContinue As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iLevelCount%
    Dim iLevelSize%
    
    Dim iDrawX%
    Dim iDrawY%
    Dim iSize%
    Dim iOffsetY%
    
    Dim iPlayerLoop AS Integer
    Dim iDirLoop AS Integer
    Dim iNextX As Integer
    Dim iNextY As Integer
    
    Dim iDrawColor%
    Dim iCursorColor&
    
    Dim bIgnoreTerrain As Integer ' If TRUE, player can move through walls, etc.
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' GET OPTIONS
    m_iPlayerCount = 1
    'm_iPlayerCount = PromptForIntegerInRange%("How many players ({min}-{max} or blank to quit)?", 1, 4, 0)
    'IF m_iPlayerCount = 0 THEN Goto CleanupAndExit
    bEnableRepeatingKeys = FALSE
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' INITIALIZE GRAPHIC SCREEN
    'Screen _NewImage(1024, 720, 32) : _ScreenMove _Middle
    Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32) : _ScreenMove 0,0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetX = 450
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetY = 200
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetX = 1000
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetY = 200
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetX = 450
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetY = 700
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetX = 1000
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetY = 700
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE MAP TO EMPTY
    ClearIsometricMap
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE COLOR ARRAY
    m_arrColors( 0) = cEmpty&
    m_arrColors( 1) = cBlack&
    m_arrColors( 2) = cDarkGray&
    m_arrColors( 3) = cDimGray&
    m_arrColors( 4) = cGray&
    m_arrColors( 5) = cLightGray&
    m_arrColors( 6) = cSilver&
    m_arrColors( 7) = cWhite&
    m_arrColors( 8) = cRed&
    m_arrColors( 9) = cOrangeRed&
    m_arrColors(10) = cDarkOrange&
    m_arrColors(11) = cOrange&
    m_arrColors(12) = cGold&
    m_arrColors(13) = cYellow&
    m_arrColors(14) = cOliveDrab1&
    m_arrColors(15) = cLime&
    m_arrColors(16) = cMediumSpringGreen&
    m_arrColors(17) = cCyan&
    m_arrColors(18) = cDeepSkyBlue&
    m_arrColors(19) = cDodgerBlue&
    m_arrColors(20) = cSeaBlue&
    m_arrColors(21) = cBlue&
    m_arrColors(22) = cBluePurple&
    m_arrColors(23) = cDeepPurple&
    m_arrColors(24) = cPurple&
    m_arrColors(25) = cPurpleRed&
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE OTHER VARIABLES
    bIgnoreTerrain = TRUE
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' DRAW FLOOR
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMinZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1 = cGray&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2 = cWhite& ' cLightGray&
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
 
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' DRAW A TALL HOLLOW PYRAMID
    If TRUE = TRUE Then
        iX% = 5
        iY% = 10
        iZ% = 1
        iLevelSize% = 4
        
        iPosX1% = iX%
        iPosX2% = iX% + 7
        iPosY1% = iY%
        iPosY2% = iY% + 7
                
        'iNextColor& = cRed&
        'iColorScheme% = 1 ' 1 = Rainbow6 #1, 9 = Rainbow6 #2, etc.
                
                iNextColor& = cWhite&
                iColorScheme% = 3 ' 3, 11 = grayscale, ascending
                
        iLevelCount% = 0
        
        bContinue = TRUE
        Do
            ' Draw front/back walls
            For iLoopX% = iPosX1% To iPosX2%
                iLoopY% = iPosY1%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                iLoopY% = iPosY2%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopX%
            
            ' Draw left/right walls
            For iLoopY% = iPosY1% To iPosY2%
                iLoopX% = iPosX1%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                iLoopX% = iPosX2%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
            
            ' Add a door to middle of right wall
            iX% = iPosX1% + ( (iPosX2% - iPosX1%) \ 2)
            m_arrMap(iX%, iPosY2%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
            
            ' Add a door to middle of front wall
            iY% = iPosY1% + ( (iPosY2% - iPosY1%) \ 2)
            m_arrMap(iPosX2%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
            
            ' MOVE UP A LEVEL
            iLevelCount% = iLevelCount% + 1
            IF iLevelCount% > iLevelSize% THEN
                iLevelCount% = 0
                iPosX1% = iPosX1% + 1
                iPosX2% = iPosX2% - 1
                iPosY1% = iPosY1% + 1
                iPosY2% = iPosY2% - 1
            END IF
            
            ' QUIT AFTER WE REACH THE TOP
            If (iPosX1% <= iPosX2%) And (iPosY1% <= iPosY2%) Then
                iZ% = iZ% + 1
                DoCycleColor iColorScheme%, iNextColor&
                If iZ% > m_iMapMaxZ Then
                    bContinue = FALSE
                End If
            Else
                bContinue = FALSE
            End If
            
        Loop Until bContinue = FALSE
    End If    
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (TOP)
    
    FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+3 TO m_iMapMaxX-3
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-3, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-3, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cWhite& ' cPurple&
        
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+3, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+3, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cCyan&
    NEXT iLoopX%
    
    FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+3 TO m_iMapMaxY-3
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cOrange&
        
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cLime&
    NEXT iLoopY%
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (MIDDLE)
    
    FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+2 TO m_iMapMaxX-2
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-2, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-2, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cWhite& ' cDodgerBlue&
        
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+2, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+2, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cDeepPurple&
    NEXT iLoopX%
    
    FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+2 TO m_iMapMaxY-2
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cDarkRed&
        
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cGold&
    NEXT iLoopY%
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (BOTTOM)
    
    FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+1 TO m_iMapMaxX-1
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cWhite& ' cSeaBlue&
        
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cChartreuse&
    NEXT iLoopX%
    
    FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+1 TO m_iMapMaxY-1
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cOrangeRed&
        
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cDeepSkyBlue&
    NEXT iLoopY%
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' PLACE PLAYER(S) <- ONLY ONE FOR THIS DEMO
    
    FOR iPlayerLoop = 1 TO m_iPlayerCount
        
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        ' BEGIN Map the 6 directional keys
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        '*** CURRENTLY THIS IS NOT USED ***
        'TODO: GET THIS WORKING (CURRENTLY IT'S ALL WEIRD)
        'TODO: WHATEVER THE KEYS MAPPED ARE, SWAP THEM NON-HARDCODED
        
        ' differently for each of the 6 directional orientations!
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_Down
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        ' END Map the 6 directional keys
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        
        ' FIND START POSITION
        iX% = RandomNumber(m_iMapMinX, m_iMapMaxX)
        iY% = RandomNumber(m_iMapMinY, m_iMapMaxY)
        iZ% = 1 ' RandomNumber(m_iMapMinZ, m_iMapMaxZ)
        
        ' MAKE SURE IT'S EMPTY
        IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
            bFound = TRUE
        ELSE
            ' IF NOT EMPTY THEN TRY TO FIND AN EMPTY SPOT
            iTotal% = ((m_iMapMaxX - m_iMapMinX)+1) * ((m_iMapMaxY - m_iMapMinY)+1) * ((m_iMapMaxZ - m_iMapMinZ)+1)
            iCount% = 0
            bFound = FALSE
            Do
                iX% = iX% + 1
                if iX% > m_iMapMaxX then
                    ' reset x and move to next y
                    iX% = m_iMapMinX
                    iY% = iY% + 1
                    if iY% > m_iMapMaxY then
                        ' reset y and move to next z
                        iY% = m_iMapMinY
                        iZ% = iZ% + 1
                        if iZ% > m_iMapMaxZ then
                            ' RESET Z AND SEE IF WE HAVE CHECKED EVERYTHING
                            iZ% = m_iMapMinZ
                            iCount% = iCount% + 1
                            if iCount% >= iTotal% then
                                ' NONE FOUND, EXIT
                                Exit Do
                            end if
                        else
                            iCount% = iCount% + 1
                        end if
                    else
                        iCount% = iCount% + 1
                    end if
                else
                    iCount% = iCount% + 1
                end if
                IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
                    ' FOUND AN EMPTY SPACE, EXIT
                    bFound = TRUE
                    Exit Do
                END IF
            Loop
        END IF
        
        If bFound = TRUE THEN
            ' PICK A DIRECTION (SIMPLE FOR NOW, LEFT OR RIGHT)
            if iX% <= m_iMapMidX then
                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
            else
                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
            end if
            
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Tile1 = c_iTile_Player1
            
            ' SAVE COORDINATES TO PLAYER
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' for this demo we'll just use iX% instead of m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x, etc.
            ' to make it more readable
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x = iX%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).y = iY%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).z = iZ%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Forward
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1 = cRed&
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Alpha1 = 255
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).AlphaOverride = 255
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1 = 2
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeSpeed1 = 5 ' change color every 5 frames
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = 0
            
            ' DISPLAY OPTIONS
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = 8
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = 4
            
            ' RESET MOVEMENT VARIABLES
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = FALSE
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoved = FALSE
            
            ' ********************************************************************************
            ' *** THIS IS NOW DONE AT THE RENDERING LEVEL FOR PLAYERS AND NON-TERRAIN OBJECTS
            ' ********************************************************************************
            '' DRAW PLAYER
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Tile1
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Alpha1
            
        Else
            sError = "Could not find an empty space to start player."    
            Exit For
        End If
        
    NEXT iPlayerLoop
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' OTHER SETUP
    If Len(sError)=0 Then
        ' RESET INPUT
        WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Enter
    End If
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' MAIN LOOP
    If Len(sError)=0 Then
        iDrawColor% = 8 ' RED
        iCursorColor& = cRed&
        bFinished = FALSE
        Do
            CLS ' is cls necessary?
            
            ' SHOW INSTRUCTIONS / COORDINATES ON SCREEN
            LOCATE  1, 3: PRINT "IsometricDraw1"
            LOCATE  3, 3: PRINT "CRSR RT/LF MOVES X = " + CSTR$(iX%)
            LOCATE  4, 3: PRINT "CRSR UP/DN MOVES Y = " + CSTR$(iY%)
            LOCATE  5, 3: PRINT "PAGE UP/DN MOVES Z = " + CSTR$(iZ%)
            LOCATE  6, 3: PRINT "=    / -   CHANGES GRID SIZE     = " + CSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize)
            LOCATE  7, 3: PRINT "[    / ]   TOGGLES MOVEMENT      = " + IIFSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).IsMoving, "TRUE", "FALSE")
            LOCATE  8, 3: PRINT "INS  / DEL TOGGLES REPEAT KEYS   = " + IIFSTR$(bEnableRepeatingKeys, "TRUE", "FALSE")
            LOCATE  9, 3: PRINT ",    / .   CHANGES MINI MAP SIZE = " + CSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize)
            
            LOCATE 12, 3: PRINT "PRESS <ESC> TO QUIT"
            
            LOCATE 25, 10: PRINT "1 color-"
            LOCATE 26, 10: PRINT "2 color+"
            LOCATE 27, 10: PRINT "3 draw"
            LOCATE 28, 10: PRINT "4 erase"
            LOCATE 29, 10: PRINT "5 toggle"
            LOCATE 30, 10: PRINT "6 eyedropper"
            LOCATE 31, 10: PRINT "7 clear"
            LOCATE 32, 10: PRINT "8 open"
            LOCATE 33, 10: PRINT "9 save"
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' BEGIN DRAW PALETTE
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            'TODO: support variable screen resolutions instead of hardcoded 1280x1024
            iSize% = 24 ' {n}x{n} pixels square
            iDrawX% = 10
            iOffsetY% = 350
            FOR iLoop1 = 0 TO 25
                iDrawY% = iOffsetY%+(iLoop1 * iSize%)
                IF iLoop1 = 0 THEN
                    ' COLOR = TRANSPARENT
                    
                    ' DRAW A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN FOR TRANSPARENT
                    iFirstColor& = cDarkGray&
                    FOR iLoopY% = iDrawY% TO ((iDrawY% + iSize%)-4) STEP 4
                        IF iFirstColor& = cDarkGray& THEN
                            iFirstColor& = cGray&
                        ELSE
                            iFirstColor& = cDarkGray&
                        END IF
                        iNextColor& = iFirstColor&
                        FOR iLoopX% = iDrawX% TO ((iDrawX% + iSize%)-4) STEP 4
                            DrawBox iLoopX%, iLoopY%, 4, iNextColor&
                            IF iNextColor& = cDarkGray& THEN 
                                iNextColor& = cGray&
                            ELSE
                                iNextColor& = cDarkGray&
                            END IF
                        NEXT iLoopX%
                    NEXT iLoopY%
                ELSEIF iLoop1 = 1 THEN
                    ' COLOR = BLACK
                ELSE
                    iNextColor& = m_arrColors(iLoop1)
                    DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&
                END IF
                
                ' DRAW A BORDER AROUND IT
                iNextColor& = cDarkGray&
                DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, 1
            NEXT iLoop1
            
            ' DRAW WHITE BOX AROUND CURRENT COLOR
            DoCycleColor 1, iCursorColor&
            iDrawY% = iOffsetY%+(iDrawColor% * iSize%)
            DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iCursorColor&, 1
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' END DRAW PALETTE
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            
            
            
            
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' BEGIN PLAYER LOOP
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Forward, m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Back,    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Left,    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Right,   m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            
            FOR iPlayerLoop = 1 TO m_iPlayerCount
                'DrawScreen m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iX%, iY%, iZ%
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN SHOW 2D MINI MAP ON SCREEN
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' TODO: FOR MULTIPLAYER, DRAW A SEPARATE MAP PER PLAYER TO SPLIT SCREEN
                FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX TO m_iMapMaxX
                    FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY TO m_iMapMaxY
                        'iDrawX% = (iLoopX% * 4) + 20
                        iDrawX% = (iLoopX% * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 20
                        
                        'iDrawY% = (iLoopY% * 4) + 200
                        iDrawY% = (iLoopY% * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 200
                        
                        IF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            
                        'TODO: ADD OTHER TYPES
                        
                        ELSE
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, cBlack&
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, cKhaki&
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, cKhaki&
                        END IF
                    NEXT iLoopY%
                NEXT iLoopX%
                                
                                ' DRAW THE PLAYERS ON THE MINI MAP
                                For iLoop1 = m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerCount
                                        iDrawX% = (m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).x * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 20
                                        iDrawY% = (m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).y * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 200
                                        
                                        ' TODO: ADD Alpha PARAMETER TO DrawBox
                                        DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).Color1
                                Next iLoop1
                                
                                ' DRAW THE OBJECTS ON THE MINI MAP
                                ' (TO DO WHEN WE ADD OBJECTS)
                                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END SHOW 2D MINI MAP ON SCREEN
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET DIRECTIONAL KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                If _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Up) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Up OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Back
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Down) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Down OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Down
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Forward
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Left) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Left OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Left
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Right) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Right OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Right
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_PgUp) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_PgUp OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Up
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_PgDn) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_PgDn OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Down
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET DIRECTIONAL KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET DRAWING INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' 1 color-
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_1) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_1 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_1
                        
                        iDrawColor% = iDrawColor% - 1
                        IF iDrawColor% < 0 THEN
                            iDrawColor% = 25
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 2 color+
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_2) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_2 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_2
                        
                        iDrawColor% = iDrawColor% + 1
                        IF iDrawColor% > 25 THEN
                            iDrawColor% = 0
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 3 draw
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_3) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_3 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_3
                        
                        IF iDrawColor% > 0 THEN
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        ELSE
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                        END IF
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrColors(iDrawColor%)
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    End If
                    
                ' 4 erase
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_4) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_4 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_4
                        
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                    End If
                    
                ' 5 toggle
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_5) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_5 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_5
                        
                        IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
                            IF iDrawColor% > 0 THEN
                                m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                            ELSE
                                m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                            END IF
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrColors(iDrawColor%)
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                        ELSE
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 6 eyedropper
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_6) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_6 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_6
                        
                        iDrawColor% = GetPaletteFromColor%(m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1)
                    End If
                    
                ' 7 clear all
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_7) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_7 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_7
                        
                        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1 = cEmpty&
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                Next iLoopZ%
                            Next iLoopY%
                        Next iLoopX%
                        
                    End If
                    
                ' 8 open
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_8) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_8 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_8
                        'TBD
                    End If
                    
                ' 9 save
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_9) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_9 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_9
                        'TBD
                    End If
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET DRAWING INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET OTHER KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_BracketRight) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_BracketRight OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_BracketRight
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = FALSE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Comma) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Comma OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Comma
                        ' TODO: HAVE MAP SIZE PER PLAYER
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize < 1 THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = 1
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Period) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Period OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Period
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize > m_iGridSizeMax THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_iGridSizeMax
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Minus) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Minus OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Minus
                        ' TODO: HAVE SEPARATE GRID SIZE PER PLAYER / SPLIT SCREEN?
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize < m_iGridSizeMin THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_iGridSizeMin
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize > m_iGridSizeMax THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_iGridSizeMax
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Home) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Home OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Home
                        ' c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View < c_iDir_Min THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Max
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_End) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_End OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_End
                        ' c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View > c_iDir_Max THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Min
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Ins) Then
                    ' TODO: DO WE NEED TO HANDLE REPEATING KEYS FOR MULTIPLAYER?
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Ins OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Ins
                        bEnableRepeatingKeys = TRUE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Del) Then
                    ' TODO: DO WE NEED TO HANDLE REPEATING KEYS FOR MULTIPLAYER?
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Del OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Del
                        bEnableRepeatingKeys = FALSE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Esc) Then
                    Exit Do
                Else
                    iLastKey = -1
                End If
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET OTHER KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                
                ' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' MOVE PLAYER BASED ON DIRECTION
                ' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving=TRUE OR bMoved=TRUE THEN
                    bMoved = FALSE
                    
                    SELECT CASE m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction
                        CASE c_iDir_Down:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ% - 1
                            If iNewZ% < m_iMapMinZ Then
                                iNewZ% = m_iMapMaxZ
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Up
                                iNewZ% = iZ%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Up:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ% + 1
                            If iNewZ% > m_iMapMaxZ Then
                                iNewZ% = m_iMapMinZ
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Down
                                iNewZ% = iZ%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Left:
                            iNewX% = iX% - 1
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewX% < m_iMapMinX Then
                                iNewX% = m_iMapMaxX
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
                                iNewX% = iX%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Right:
                            iNewX% = iX% + 1
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewX% > m_iMapMaxX Then
                                iNewX% = m_iMapMinX
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
                                iNewX% = iX%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Back:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY% - 1
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewY% < m_iMapMinY Then
                                iNewY% = m_iMapMaxY
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Forward
                                iNewY% = iY%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Forward:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY% + 1
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewY% > m_iMapMaxY Then
                                iNewY% = m_iMapMinY
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Back
                                iNewY% = iY%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE ELSE:
                            ' (DO NOTHING)
                            'iNewX% = iX%
                            'iNewY% = iY%
                            'iNewZ% = iZ%
                    END SELECT
                    
                    ' SAVE NEW POSITION
                    iX% = iNewX%
                    iY% = iNewY%
                    iZ% = iNewZ%
                    
                    ' FOR MULTIPLAYER WE WOULD USE:
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x = iNewX%
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).y = iNewY%
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).z = iNewZ%
                    
                END IF
                
                ' CYCLE COLOR
                IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1 > 0 THEN
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 + 1
                    IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 > m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeSpeed1 THEN
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = 0
                        DoCycleColor m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1, m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1
                    END IF
                END IF
                
            NEXT iPlayerLoop
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' END PLAYER LOOP
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            
        _Limit 30
        _Display
        
        Loop
    END IF
    
CleanupAndExit:
    ' FINISH UP AND EXIT
    WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
    SCREEN 0
    IsometricDraw1$ = sResult
End Sub ' IsometricDraw1$
 
 
 
 
 
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' =============================================================================
' LET'S GET THE COORDINATES STRAIGHT!
' Coordinates are m_arrMap(x,y,z)
'           ________________
'          /|e            /|e
'         / |            / |
'        /  |           /  |z-axis
'       /   |          /   |
'      /    /---------/----/ 
'     /    / a       /   b/  
'    /    /         /    /         
'   |--------------|    /  
'   |f  /         g|   / y-axis
'   |  /           |  /
'   | /            | /
'   |/c           d|/
'   ----------------
'      x-axis
' 
' POINT    ( X, Y, Z)
' a        ( 0, 0, 0)
' b        (32, 0, 0)
' c        ( 0,32, 0)
' d        (32,32, 0)
' e        ( 0, 0,32)
' f        ( 0,32,32)
' g        (32,32,32)
' =============================================================================
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE MAP TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Sub ClearIsometricMap
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearIsometricMap"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearIsometricMap
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE RENDERING MAP #1 TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrRender1(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub ClearRenderMap1
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearRenderMap1"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearRenderMap1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE RENDERING MAP #2 TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub ClearRenderMap2
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearRenderMap2"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearRenderMap2
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Determine which squares are visible in isometric map
 
' Original operates directly on the main map array m_arrMap
' and not the copy (m_arrRender2) used to rotate the perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable (3D array of map):
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' RECEIVES:
' iX% = player's X positon
' iY% = player's Y position
' iZ% = player's Z position
 
' Direction is assumed to be c_iDir_Forward.
 
' If iX% < 0 then we just render everything with its normal alpha value.
 
Sub ComputeVisible (iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ComputeVisible"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    Dim iPX1%
    Dim iPY1%
    Dim iPZ1%
    Dim iPlayer2Dx As Integer
    Dim iPlayer2Dy As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dx As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dy As Integer
    
    IF iX% > -1 THEN
        ' CALCULATE PLAYER'S 2-D POSITION
        iPX1% = iX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
        iPY1% = iY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
        iPZ1% = iZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
        iPlayer2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
        iPlayer2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
        
        ' LOOK AT EACH TILE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' IF SPACE HAS A TILE
                    ' AND ITS 2D (X,Y) IS > PLAYER'S 2D (X,Y)
                    ' THEN MAKE THE TILE TRANSPARENT
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' TODO: COMPARE AGAINST ALL TYPES OF TILES NOT JUST WALL/FLOOR
                    If m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall OR m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                        ' CALCULATE TILE'S 2-D POSITION
                        iPX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                        iPY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                        iPZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                        iTile2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
                        iTile2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
                        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
                        
                        'If iLoopZ% >= iZ% Then
                            'If iLoopX% >= iX% Then
                                
                                ' FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER
                                If iLoopY% > iY% Then
                                    
                                    ' IF PLAYER'S 2D Y POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D Y POSITION
                                    If ( iPlayer2Dy >= (iTile2Dy - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dy <= (iTile2Dy + iGridSize) ) Then
                                        
                                        ' AND IF PLAYER'S 2D X POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D X POSITION
                                        If ( iPlayer2Dx >= (iTile2Dx - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dx <= (iTile2Dx + iGridSize) ) Then
                                            ' RENDER THE TILE TRANSPARENT SO WE CAN SEE THE PLAYER
                                            ' TODO: CHANGE AlphaOverride TO BE RELATIVE TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 86
                                        Else
                                            ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                            ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                        End If
                                    Else
                                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                        ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                    End If
                                Else
                                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                    ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                End If
                            'End If
                        'End If
                    Else
                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                        ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    End If
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    ELSE
        ' JUST MAKE ALL TILES VISIBLE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    
                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                    'm_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                    
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    END IF
End Sub ' ComputeVisible
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Determine which squares are visible in isometric map
 
' Same as ComputeVisible except uses the rotated copy 
' (m_arrRender2 instead of m_arrMap)
 
' Requires shared global variable (3D array of map):
' m_arrRender2(x,y,z) = rotated copy of 3D array map of world
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' RECEIVES:
' iX% = player's X positon
' iY% = player's Y position
' iZ% = player's Z position
 
' If iX% < 0 then we just render everything with its normal alpha value.
 
' TODO: FIX FOR c_iDir_Down and c_iDir_Up DIRECTIONS
'       "FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER" SECTION BELOW
'       NEEDS TO LOOK AT Z AXIS INSTEAD OF Y ?
 
Sub ComputeRenderVisible (iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ComputeRenderVisible"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    Dim iPX1%
    Dim iPY1%
    Dim iPZ1%
    Dim iPlayer2Dx As Integer
    Dim iPlayer2Dy As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dx As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dy As Integer
    
    IF iX% > -1 THEN
        ' CALCULATE PLAYER'S 2-D POSITION
        iPX1% = iX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
        iPY1% = iY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
        iPZ1% = iZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
        iPlayer2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
        iPlayer2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
        
        ' LOOK AT EACH TILE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' IF SPACE HAS A TILE
                    ' AND ITS 2D (X,Y) IS > PLAYER'S 2D (X,Y)
                    ' THEN MAKE THE TILE TRANSPARENT
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' TODO: COMPARE AGAINST ALL TYPES OF TILES NOT JUST WALL/FLOOR
                    If m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall OR m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                        ' CALCULATE TILE'S 2-D POSITION
                        iPX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                        iPY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                        iPZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                        iTile2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
                        iTile2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
                        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
                        
                        'If iLoopZ% >= iZ% Then
                            'If iLoopX% >= iX% Then
                                
                                ' FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER
                                If iLoopY% > iY% Then
                                    
                                    ' IF PLAYER'S 2D Y POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D Y POSITION
                                    If ( iPlayer2Dy >= (iTile2Dy - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dy <= (iTile2Dy + iGridSize) ) Then
                                        
                                        ' AND IF PLAYER'S 2D X POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D X POSITION
                                        If ( iPlayer2Dx >= (iTile2Dx - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dx <= (iTile2Dx + iGridSize) ) Then
                                            ' RENDER THE TILE TRANSPARENT SO WE CAN SEE THE PLAYER
                                            'TODO: CHANGE AlphaOverride TO BE RELATIVE TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE?
                                            m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 86
                                        Else
                                            ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                            m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                            
                                            'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                            'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                        End If
                                    Else
                                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                        
                                        'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                        'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                        'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                    End If
                                Else
                                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                    m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                    
                                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                    'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                End If
                            'End If
                        'End If
                    Else
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                        
                        'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                        'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                    End If
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    ELSE
        ' JUST MAKE ALL TILES VISIBLE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    
                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                    'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    END IF
End Sub ' ComputeRenderVisible
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective
' from the forward (default) perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' TODO: ADD OFFSET PARAMETERS FOR WHERE TO DRAW ON SCREEN (FOR SPLIT SCREEN)
' params instead of constants:
' Const cScreenOffsetX = 500 ' 450
' Const cScreenOffsetY = 300 ' 50
' Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' what about?
' Const cGridOffsetX = 50
' Const cGridOffsetY = 50
' Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
 
Sub DrawIsometricScreen(iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawIsometricScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    alpha& = 255
    bTile = FALSE
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                
                ' CALCULATE POSITION
                iPosZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                iPosX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                iPosY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
                iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
                
                ' DETERMINE COLOR
                If m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If bTile = TRUE Then
                        iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                        bTile = FALSE
                    Else
                        iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                        bTile = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Water Then
                    'TODO: transparent for water
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Window Then
                    'TODO: transparent for windows
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                Else
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                End If
                
                ' PLOT NEXT TILE
                If iColor <> cEmpty& Then
                    'IsoLine3D(x,      y,       x2,      y2,      z,       iHeight,     xoffset,        yoffset,        iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
                    'IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, m_iGridSize, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                    IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                End If
                
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' DrawIsometricScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrRender2(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub DrawRenderScreen(iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawRenderScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    alpha& = 255
    bTile = FALSE
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                
                ' CALCULATE POSITION
                iPosZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                iPosX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                iPosY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
                iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
                
                ' DETERMINE COLOR
                If m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If bTile = TRUE Then
                        iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                        bTile = FALSE
                    Else
                        iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                        bTile = TRUE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Water Then
                    'TODO: transparent for water
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Window Then
                    'TODO: transparent for windows
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                Else
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                End If
                
                ' PLOT NEXT TILE
                If iColor <> cEmpty& Then
                    'IsoLine3D(x,      y,       x2,      y2,      z,       iHeight,     xoffset,        yoffset,        iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
                    'IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, m_iGridSize, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                    IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                End If
                
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' DrawRenderScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective
' from a different direction.
 
' This is the lazy man's version which simply copies the tiles to 
' a temporary array, rotated to the specified direction/orientation.
' A more efficient + faster method would operate directly on the 
' main array, but I am too bogged down to figure that out right now!
 
' RECEIVES:
' iDirection% = point of view to render from
'     i.e. the direction we are looking at the scene FROM
'     iDirection% can be one of the following:
'     c_iDir_Down
'     c_iDir_Up
'     c_iDir_Left
'     c_iDir_Right
'     c_iDir_Back
'     c_iDir_Forward = default
'     
'     If iDirection% = c_iDir_Forward, just call DrawIsometricScreen instead (faster).
' 
' iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY = where on display to draw
'
' iX%, iY%, iZ% = player's position, used for ComputeRenderVisible
'     to compute which tiles to hide / make transparent
'     (tiles that might be hiding the player)
'     If these are <0, then ComputeRenderVisible uses original alpha values.
 
' TODO: ADD OFFSET PARAMETERS FOR WHERE TO DRAW ON SCREEN (FOR SPLIT SCREEN)
' params instead of constants:
' Const cScreenOffsetX = 500 ' 450
' Const cScreenOffsetY = 300 ' 50
' Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' what about?
' Const cGridOffsetX = 50
' Const cGridOffsetY = 50
' Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
 
' TODO: player layer
' m_iPlayerCount
' shared for current player #?
' first copy world and superimpose player coords?
 
Sub DrawScreen(iDirection%, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' USE FIRST TEMPORARY ARRAY TO STORE SCENE OVERLAID WITH PLAYERS + OBJECTS
    
    ' CLEAR THE MAP (NECESSARY?)
    ClearRenderMap1
    
    ' FIRST COPY THE MAP
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                'm_arrRender1(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                CopyMapTile m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%), m_arrRender1(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%)
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
    
    ' NEXT COPY THE PLAYERS
    For iLoopX% = m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerCount
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Typ = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Tile1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Color1 = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Color1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Alpha1 = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Alpha1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).AlphaOverride = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).AlphaOverride
    Next iLoopX%
    
    ' NEXT COPY THE OBJECTS
    ' (TO DO WHEN WE HAVE OBJECTS)
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' USE SECOND TEMPORARY ARRAY TO STORE ROTATED SCENE THEN DRAW IT
    
    ' CLEAR THE MAP (NECESSARY?)
    ClearRenderMap2
    
    ' COPY TILES, ROTATED TO DESIRED VIEWING PERSPECTIVE / ANGLE
    SELECT CASE iDirection%
        CASE c_iDir_Down:
            ' SCENE IS FLIPPED UP (TOP FACE NOW FACING AWAY FROM US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,m_iMapMaxZ-iLoopZ%,iLoopY%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, m_iMapMaxZ-iZ%, iY%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Up:
            ' SCENE IS FLIPPED DOWN (TOP FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,iLoopZ%,m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, iZ%, m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Left:
            ' SCENE IS ROTATED COUNTER CLOCKWISE FROM TOP (LEFT FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopY%,m_iMapMaxX-iLoopX%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iY%, m_iMapMaxX-iX%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Right:
            ' SCENE IS ROTATED CLOCKWISE FROM TOP (RIGHT FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%,iLoopX%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iX%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Back:
            ' SCENE IS TURNED AROUND (FRONT FACE NOW FACING AWAY FROM US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(m_iMapMaxX-iLoopX%,m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible m_iMapMaxX-iX%, m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE ELSE: ' c_iDir_Forward
            ' FOR ALL OTHER CASES WE JUST DRAW FORWARD (FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize
    END SELECT
    DrawRenderScreen iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize
End Sub ' DrawScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Copies a MapTileType user defined type variable, member by member
' (not sure if you can just do MyUDT1 = MyUDT2?)
 
Sub CopyMapTile(SourceMap As MapTileType, DestMap As MapTileType)
    DestMap.Typ = SourceMap.Typ
    DestMap.Color1 = SourceMap.Color1
    DestMap.Color2 = SourceMap.Color2
    DestMap.Color3 = SourceMap.Color3
    DestMap.Alpha1 = SourceMap.Alpha1
    DestMap.Alpha2 = SourceMap.Alpha2
    DestMap.Alpha3 = SourceMap.Alpha3
    DestMap.AlphaOverride = SourceMap.AlphaOverride
End Sub ' CopyMapTile
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' RETURNS MAP AS TEXT
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' USAGE:
'Input "See a text dump (y/n)? ", in$
'If LCase$(in$) = LCase$("y") Then
'    Print MapToText$
'End If
 
Function MapToText$
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "MapToText$"
    Dim sResult As String
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iMinX%
    Dim iMaxX%
    Dim iMinY%
    Dim iMaxY%
    Dim iMinZ%
    Dim iMaxZ%
    Dim sLine As String
    Dim iType%
    Dim iColor1&
    Dim iColor2&
    Dim iColor3&
    Dim in$
 
    sResult = ""
 
    ' FIND USED BOUNDARIES OF MAP
    iMinX% = -1
    iMaxX% = -1
    iMinY% = -1
    iMaxY% = -1
    iMinZ% = -1
    iMaxZ% = -1
    For iLoopZ% = 0 To 32
        For iLoopX% = 0 To 32
            For iLoopY% = 0 To 32
                iType% = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ
                If iType% <> c_iTile_Empty And iType% <> c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If iMinX% = -1 Then
                        iMinX% = iLoopX%
                    End If
                    If iMinY% = -1 Then
                        iMinY% = iLoopY%
                    End If
                    If iMinZ% = -1 Then
                        iMinZ% = iLoopZ%
                    End If
                    If iLoopX% > iMaxX% Then
                        iMaxX% = iLoopX%
                    End If
                    If iLoopY% > iMaxY% Then
                        iMaxY% = iLoopY%
                    End If
                    If iLoopZ% > iMaxZ% Then
                        iMaxZ% = iLoopZ%
                    End If
                End If
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
 
    ' GENERATE OUTPUT
    For iLoopZ% = iMinZ% To iMaxZ%
        sResult = sResult + "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------" + Chr$(13)
        sResult = sResult + "Map Z=" + cstr$(iLoopZ%) + ":" + Chr$(13)
        sResult = sResult + "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------" + Chr$(13)
        For iLoopY% = iMinY% To iMaxY%
            sLine = ""
            For iLoopX% = iMinX% To iMaxX%
                iType% = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ
                iColor1& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                iColor2& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                iColor3& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color3
                
                If iType% = c_iTile_Empty Then
                    sLine = sLine + " "
                Else
                    If iColor1& = cEmpty& Then
                        sLine = sLine + " "
                    Else
                        sLine = sLine + "#"
                    End If
                End If
            Next iLoopX%
            sResult = sResult + sLine + Chr$(13)
        Next iLoopY%
 
        sResult = sResult + Chr$(13)
    Next iLoopZ%
 
    MapToText$ = sResult
End Function ' MapToText$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Return string description for 2.5D movement constants
 
FUNCTION GetDirection$(iDir AS INTEGER)
    DIM sDir AS STRING
    SELECT CASE iDir
        CASE c_iDir_Down:
            sDir = "Down"
        CASE c_iDir_Up:
            sDir = "Up"
        CASE c_iDir_Left:
            sDir = "Left"
        CASE c_iDir_Right:
            sDir = "Right"
        CASE c_iDir_Back:
            sDir = "Back"
        CASE c_iDir_Forward:
            sDir = "Forward"
        CASE ELSE:
            sDir = "Unknown"
    END SELECT
    GetDirection$ = sDir
END FUNCTION ' GetDirection$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CX2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian X To Isometic coordinates
    CX2I = x - y
End Function ' CX2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CY2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian Y To Isometic coordinates
    CY2I = (x + y) / 2
End Function ' CY2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' since we're drawing a diamond and not a square box, we can't use Line BF.
' We have to manually down the 4 points of the line.
 
Sub IsoLine (x, y, x2, y2, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Paint (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + 4), iColor 'and fill the diamond solid
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
End Sub ' IsoLine
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Like IsoLine, we're going to have to draw our lines manually.
' only in this case, we also need a Z coordinate to tell us how
' THICK/TALL/HIGH to make our tile
 
' MODIFIED by madscijr to draw a single tile of height iHeight at Z axis
' MODIFIED by madscijr to accept an alpha& value to control transparency (where 0=fully transparent, 255=opaque)
 
''Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
'Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
    dim r 'as integer
    dim g 'as integer
    dim b 'as integer
    'dim iNewColor As _Unsigned Long
    
    r = _Red32(iColor)
    g = _Green32(iColor)
    b = _Blue32(iColor)
    
    ' Let's just do all the math first this time.
    ' We need to turn those 4 normal points into 4 isometric points (x, y, x1, y1)
    TempX1 = CX2I(x, y) + xoffset
    TempY1 = CY2I(x, y) + yoffset
    TempX2 = CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset
    TempY2 = CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset
    TempX3 = CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset
    TempY3 = CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset
    TempX4 = CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset
    TempY4 = CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset
    
    ' The top
    'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, iColor
    fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)
    
    If z <> 0 Then
        ' TODO: maybe change which sides gets shaded depending on the direction of the light source?
        
        ' draw the left side, shaded 75%
        'fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b)
        fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b, alpha&)
        
        ' draw the right side,s haded 50%
        'fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b)
        fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b, alpha&)
    Else
        ' no need to draw any height, if there isn't any.
    End If
End Sub ' IsoLine3D
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' found at abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website
' don’t go there: http://www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there]/forum/index.php?topic=14425.0
 
Sub ftri (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Dim a&
 
    D = _Dest
    a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    _Dest a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
    _FreeImage a& ' <<< this is important!
End Sub ' ftri
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' 2019-11-20 Steve saves some time with STATIC
' and saves and restores last dest
 
Sub ftri1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Static a&
 
    D = _Dest
    If a& = 0 Then
        a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    End If
    _Dest a&
    _DontBlend a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Blend a&
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
End Sub ' ftri1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' original fill quad that may be at fault using Steve's fTri version
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line) list them clockwise
' so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri1 x1, y1, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
    ftri1 x3, y3, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
End Sub ' fquad1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' update 2019-12-16 needs orig fTri
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line)
' list them clockwise so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K
    ftri x3, y3, x4, y4, x1, y1, K
End Sub ' fquad
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (SOLID)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
 
'SUB DrawBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor%)
SUB DrawBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor&)
    LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor&, BF ' Draw a solid box
    'LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor%, BF ' Draw a solid box
    'LINE (60, 60)-(130, 100), iColor%, B ' Draw a box outline
END SUB ' DrawBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
 
' The style parameter 0-255 doesn't seemt to have a solid line?
 
'SUB DrawStyledOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor%, iStyle%)
SUB DrawStyledOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor&, iStyle%)
    ' LINE [STEP] [(column1, row1)]-[STEP] (column2, row2), color[, [{B|BF}], style%]
    ' B creates a box outline with each side parallel to the program screen sides. BF creates a filled box.
    ' The style% signed INTEGER value sets a dotted pattern to draw the line or rectangle outline.
    
    LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor&, B, iStyle%
END SUB ' DrawStyledOutlineBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE) WITH A SOLID LINE
 
SUB DrawOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize2%, iColor&, iWeight2%)
    Dim iFromX%
    Dim iFromY%
    Dim iToX%
    Dim iToY%
    iSize% = iSize2% - 1
    iWeight% = iWeight2% - 1
    IF iWeight% = 0 THEN
        ' TOP LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' BOTTOM LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' LEFT LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' RIGHT LINE
        iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
    ELSEIF iWeight% > 0 THEN
        ' TOP LINE
        FOR iFromY% = iY% TO (iY% + iWeight%)
            iFromX% = iX%
            'iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iX% + iSize%
            iToY% = iFromY%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromY%
        
        ' BOTTOM LINE
        FOR iFromY% = ((iY% + iSize%) - iWeight%) TO (iY% + iSize%)
            iFromX% = iX%
            'iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
            iToX% = iX% + iSize%
            iToY% = iFromY%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromY%
        
        ' LEFT LINE
        FOR iFromX% = iX% TO (iX% + iWeight%)
            'iFromX% = iX%
            iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iFromX%
            iToY% = iY% + iSize%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromX%
        
        ' RIGHT LINE
        FOR iFromX% = ((iX% + iSize%) - iWeight%) TO (iX% + iSize%)
            'iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
            iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iFromX%
            iToY% = iY% + iSize%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromX%
    END IF
END SUB ' DrawOutlineBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function GetPaletteFromColor%(iColor&)
    SELECT CASE iColor&
        CASE cEmpty&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 0
        CASE cBlack&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 1
        CASE cDarkGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 2
        CASE cDimGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 3
        CASE cGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 4
        CASE cLightGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 5
        CASE cSilver&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 6
        CASE cWhite&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 7
        CASE cRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 8
        CASE cOrangeRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 9
        CASE cDarkOrange&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 10
        CASE cOrange&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 11
        CASE cGold&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 12
        CASE cYellow&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 13
        CASE cOliveDrab1&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 14
        CASE cLime&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 15
        CASE cMediumSpringGreen&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 16
        CASE cCyan&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 17
        CASE cDeepSkyBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 18
        CASE cDodgerBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 19
        CASE cSeaBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 20
        CASE cBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 21
        CASE cBluePurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 22
        CASE cDeepPurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 23
        CASE cPurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 24
        CASE cPurpleRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 25
        CASE ELSE:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 0
    END SELECT
End Function ' GetPaletteFromColor%
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN GENERAL PURPOSE FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstr$ (myValue)
    'cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstr$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstr$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrl$ (myValue As Long)
    cstrl$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrl$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrs$ (myValue As Single)
    ''cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstrs$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrs$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IIF (Condition, IfTrue, IfFalse)
    If Condition Then IIF = IfTrue Else IIF = IfFalse
End Function
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IIFSTR$ (Condition, IfTrue$, IfFalse$)
    If Condition Then IIFSTR$ = IfTrue$ Else IIFSTR$ = IfFalse$
End Function
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
 
' Returns the 8-bit binary representation
' of an integer iInput where 0 <= iInput <= 255
 
Function GetBinary$ (iInput1 As Integer)
    Dim sResult As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iInput As Integer: iInput = iInput1
 
    sResult = ""
 
    If iInput >= 0 And iInput <= 255 Then
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            sResult = LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iInput Mod 2))) + sResult
            iInput = iInput \ 2
            'If iLoop = 4 Then sResult = " " + sResult
        Next iLoop
    End If
 
    GetBinary$ = sResult
End Function ' GetBinary$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' wonderfully inefficient way to read if a bit is set
' ival = GetBit256%(int we are comparing, int containing the bits we want to read)
 
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
 
Function GetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer)
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim sNum As String
    Dim sBit As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim bContinue As Integer
    'DIM iTemp AS INTEGER
    Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
    Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
 
    iResult = FALSE
    bContinue = TRUE
 
    If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
        sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
        sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
                'if any of the bits in iBit are false, return false
                If Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1) = "0" Then
                    iResult = FALSE
                    bContinue = FALSE
                    Exit For
                End If
            End If
        Next iLoop
        If bContinue = TRUE Then
            iResult = TRUE
        End If
    End If
 
    GetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' GetBit256%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
 
' Returns the integer that corresponds to a binary string of length 8
 
Function GetIntegerFromBinary% (sBinary1 As String)
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim strBinary As String
    Dim sBinary As String: sBinary = sBinary1
 
    iResult = 0
    strBinary = Replace$(sBinary, " ", "") ' Remove any spaces
    For iLoop = 0 To Len(strBinary) - 1
        iResult = iResult + 2 ^ iLoop * Val(Mid$(strBinary, Len(strBinary) - iLoop, 1))
    Next iLoop
 
    GetIntegerFromBinary% = iResult
End Function ' GetIntegerFromBinary%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
 
Function IsEven% (n)
    IF n MOD 2 = 0 THEN
        IsEven% = TRUE
    Else
        IsEven% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsEven%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
 
Function IsOdd% (n)
    IF n MOD 2 = 1 THEN
        IsOdd% = TRUE
    Else
        IsOdd% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsOdd%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' By sMcNeill from https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.0
 
Function IsNum% (text$)
    Dim a$
    Dim b$
    a$ = _Trim$(text$)
    b$ = _Trim$(Str$(Val(text$)))
    If a$ = b$ Then
        IsNum% = TRUE
    Else
        IsNum% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsNum%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
 
'Combine all elements of in$() into a single string with delimiter$ separating the elements.
 
Function join$ (in$(), delimiter$)
    result$ = in$(LBound(in$))
    For i = LBound(in$) + 1 To UBound(in$)
        result$ = result$ + delimiter$ + in$(i)
    Next i
    join$ = result$
End Function ' join$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' ABS was returning strange values with type LONG
' so I created this which does not.
 
Function LongABS& (lngValue As Long)
    If Sgn(lngValue) = -1 Then
        LongABS& = 0 - lngValue
    Else
        LongABS& = lngValue
    End If
End Function ' LongABS&
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Re: Does a Is Number function exist in QB64?
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.15
 
' MWheatley
' « Reply #18 on: January 01, 2019, 11:24:30 AM »
 
' returns 1 if string is an integer, 0 if not
Function IsNumber (text$)
    Dim i As Integer
 
    IsNumber = 1
    For i = 1 To Len(text$)
        If Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) < 45 Or Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) >= 58 Then
            IsNumber = 0
            Exit For
        ElseIf Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) = 47 Then
            IsNumber = 0
            Exit For
        End If
    Next i
End Function ' IsNumber
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' iNum% = PromptForIntegerInRange%("Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit).", 1, 4, 0)
 
Function PromptForIntegerInRange% (sPrompt$, iMin%, iMax%, iDefault%)
    Dim iValue%
    Dim bFinished%
    Dim sPrompt1$
    Dim in$
 
    If Len(sPrompt$) > 0 Then
        sPrompt1$ = sPrompt$
    Else
        sPrompt1$ = "Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit)."
    End If
 
    sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{min}", cstr$(iMin%))
    sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{max}", cstr$(iMax%))
 
    bFinished% = FALSE
    Do
        Print sPrompt1$
 
        Input in$
        in$ = _Trim$(in$)
        If Len(in$) > 0 Then
            If IsNumber(in$) Then
                iValue% = Val(in$)
                If iValue% >= iMin% And iValue% <= iMax% Then
                    'bFinished% = TRUE
                    Exit Do
                Else
                    Print "Number out of range."
                    Print
                End If
            Else
                Print "Not a valid number."
                Print
            End If
        Else
            iValue% = iDefault%
            Exit Do
            'bFinished% = TRUE
        End If
    Loop Until bFinished% = TRUE
 
    PromptForIntegerInRange% = iValue%
End Function ' PromptForIntegerInRange%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' iNum& = PromptForLongInRange&("Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit).", 1, 4, 0)
 
Function PromptForLongInRange& (sPrompt$, iMin&, iMax&, iDefault&)
    Dim iValue&
    Dim bFinished&
    Dim sPrompt1$
    Dim in$
    
    bFinished& = FALSE
    Do
        If Len(sPrompt$) > 0 Then
            sPrompt1$ = sPrompt$
        Else
            sPrompt1$ = "Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit)."
        End If
        
        sPrompt1$ = Replace$ (sPrompt1$, "{min}", cstrl$(iMin&))
        sPrompt1$ = Replace$ (sPrompt1$, "{max}", cstrl$(iMax&))
        
        Input in$
        in$ = _Trim$(in$)
        If Len(in$) > 0 Then
            If IsNumber(in$) Then
                iValue& = Val(in$)
                If iValue& >= iMin& And iValue& <= iMax& Then
                    bFinished& = TRUE
                Else
                    Print "Number out of range."
                    Print
                End If
            Else
                Print "Not a valid number."
                Print
            End If
        Else
            iValue& = iDefault&
            bFinished& = TRUE
        End If
    Loop Until bFinished&
    
    PromptForLongInRange& = iValue&
End Function ' PromptForLongInRange&
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns blank if successful else returns error message.
 
Function PrintFile$ (sFileName As String, sText As String, bAppend As Integer)
    'x = 1: y = 2: z$ = "Three"
 
    Dim sError As String: sError = ""
 
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        If (bAppend = TRUE) Then
            If _FileExists(sFileName) Then
                Open sFileName For Append As #1 ' opens an existing file for appending
            Else
                sError = "Error in PrintFile$ : File not found. Cannot append."
            End If
        Else
            Open sFileName For Output As #1 ' opens and clears an existing file or creates new empty file
        End If
    End If
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        ' WRITE places text in quotes in the file
        'WRITE #1, x, y, z$
        'WRITE #1, sText
 
        ' PRINT does not put text inside quotes
        Print #1, sText
 
        Close #1
 
        'PRINT "File created with data. Press a key!"
        'K$ = INPUT$(1) 'press a key
 
        'OPEN sFileName FOR INPUT AS #2 ' opens a file to read it
        'INPUT #2, a, b, c$
        'CLOSE #2
 
        'PRINT a, b, c$
        'WRITE a, b, c$
    End If
 
    PrintFile$ = sError
End Function ' PrintFile$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Generate random value between Min and Max.
Function RandomNumber% (Min%, Max%)
    Dim NumSpread%
 
    ' SET RANDOM SEED
    'Randomize ' Initialize random-number generator.
    Randomize Timer
 
    ' GET RANDOM # Min%-Max%
    'RandomNumber = Int((Max * Rnd) + Min) ' generate number
 
    NumSpread% = (Max% - Min%) + 1
 
    RandomNumber% = Int(Rnd * NumSpread%) + Min% ' GET RANDOM # BETWEEN Max% AND Min%
 
End Function ' RandomNumber%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub RandomNumberTest
    Dim iCols As Integer: iCols = 10
    Dim iRows As Integer: iRows = 20
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iX As Integer
    Dim iY As Integer
    Dim sError As String
    Dim sFileName As String
    Dim sText As String
    Dim bAppend As Integer
    Dim iMin As Integer
    Dim iMax As Integer
    Dim iNum As Integer
    Dim iErrorCount As Integer
    Dim sInput$
 
    sFileName = "c:\temp\maze_test_1.txt"
    sText = "Count" + Chr$(9) + "Min" + Chr$(9) + "Max" + Chr$(9) + "Random"
    bAppend = FALSE
    sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        bAppend = TRUE
        iErrorCount = 0
 
        iMin = 0
        iMax = iCols - 1
        For iLoop = 1 To 100
            iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
            sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
            sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
            If Len(sError) > 0 Then
                iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
                Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
                Print "    " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
                Print "    " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
                Print "    " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
                Print "    " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
                Print "    " + sError
            End If
        Next iLoop
 
        iMin = 0
        iMax = iRows - 1
        For iLoop = 1 To 100
            iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
            sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
            sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
            If Len(sError) > 0 Then
                iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
                Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
                Print "    " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
                Print "    " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
                Print "    " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
                Print "    " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
                Print "    " + sError
            End If
        Next iLoop
 
        Print "Finished generating numbers. Errors: " + Str$(iErrorCount)
    Else
        Print "Error creating file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
        Print sError
    End If
 
    Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", sInput$
End Sub ' RandomNumberTest
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' FROM: String Manipulation
' http://www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there]/forum/index_topic_5964-0/
'
'SUMMARY:
'   Purpose:  A library of custom functions that transform strings.
'   Author:   Dustinian Camburides (dustinian@gmail.com)
'   Platform: QB64 (www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there])
'   Revision: 1.6
'   Updated:  5/28/2012
 
'SUMMARY:
'[Replace$] replaces all instances of the [Find] sub-string with the [Add] sub-string within the [Text] string.
'INPUT:
'Text: The input string; the text that's being manipulated.
'Find: The specified sub-string; the string sought within the [Text] string.
'Add: The sub-string that's being added to the [Text] string.
 
Function Replace$ (Text1 As String, Find1 As String, Add1 As String)
    ' VARIABLES:
    Dim Text2 As String
    Dim Find2 As String
    Dim Add2 As String
    Dim lngLocation As Long ' The address of the [Find] substring within the [Text] string.
    Dim strBefore As String ' The characters before the string to be replaced.
    Dim strAfter As String ' The characters after the string to be replaced.
 
    ' INITIALIZE:
    ' MAKE COPIESSO THE ORIGINAL IS NOT MODIFIED (LIKE ByVal IN VBA)
    Text2 = Text1
    Find2 = Find1
    Add2 = Add1
 
    lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
 
    ' PROCESSING:
    ' While [Find2] appears in [Text2]...
    While lngLocation
        ' Extract all Text2 before the [Find2] substring:
        strBefore = Left$(Text2, lngLocation - 1)
 
        ' Extract all text after the [Find2] substring:
        strAfter = Right$(Text2, ((Len(Text2) - (lngLocation + Len(Find2) - 1))))
 
        ' Return the substring:
        Text2 = strBefore + Add2 + strAfter
 
        ' Locate the next instance of [Find2]:
        lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
 
        ' Next instance of [Find2]...
    Wend
 
    ' OUTPUT:
    Replace$ = Text2
End Function ' Replace$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' fantastically inefficient way to set a bit
 
' example use: arrMaze(iX, iY) = SetBit256%(arrMaze(iX, iY), cS, FALSE)
 
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
 
' newint=SetBit256%(oldint, int containing the bits we want to set, value to set them to)
Function SetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer, bVal1 As Integer)
    Dim sNum As String
    Dim sBit As String
    Dim sVal As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim strResult As String
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
    Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
    Dim bVal As Integer: bVal = bVal1
 
    If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
        sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
        sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
        If bVal = TRUE Then
            sVal = "1"
        Else
            sVal = "0"
        End If
        strResult = ""
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
                strResult = strResult + sVal
            Else
                strResult = strResult + Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1)
            End If
        Next iLoop
        iResult = GetIntegerFromBinary%(strResult)
    Else
        iResult = iNum
    End If
 
    SetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' SetBit256%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
'
' FROM luke, QB64 Developer
' Date: February 15, 2019, 04:11:07 AM Â»
'
' Given a string of words separated by spaces (or any other character),
' splits it into an array of the words. I've no doubt many people have
' written a version of this over the years and no doubt there's a million
' ways to do it, but I thought I'd put mine here so we have at least one
' version. There's also a join function that does the opposite
' array -> single string.
'
' Code is hopefully reasonably self explanatory with comments and a little demo.
' Note, this is akin to Python/JavaScript split/join, PHP explode/implode.
 
'Split in$ into pieces, chopping at every occurrence of delimiter$. Multiple consecutive occurrences
'of delimiter$ are treated as a single instance. The chopped pieces are stored in result$().
'
'delimiter$ must be one character long.
'result$() must have been REDIMmed previously.
 
Sub split (in$, delimiter$, result$())
    ReDim result$(-1)
    start = 1
    Do
        While Mid$(in$, start, 1) = delimiter$
            start = start + 1
            If start > Len(in$) Then Exit Sub
        Wend
        finish = InStr(start, in$, delimiter$)
        If finish = 0 Then finish = Len(in$) + 1
        ReDim _Preserve result$(0 To UBound(result$) + 1)
        result$(UBound(result$)) = Mid$(in$, start, finish - start)
        start = finish + 1
    Loop While start <= Len(in$)
End Sub ' split
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub SplitTest
 
    Dim in$
    Dim delim$
    ReDim arrTest$(0)
    Dim iLoop%
 
    delim$ = Chr$(10)
    in$ = "this" + delim$ + "is" + delim$ + "a" + delim$ + "test"
    Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
    Print "delim$ = " + Chr$(34) + delimeter$ + Chr$(34)
    split in$, delim$, arrTest$()
 
    For iLoop% = LBound(arrTest$) To UBound(arrTest$)
        Print "arrTest$(" + LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iLoop%))) + ") = " + Chr$(34) + arrTest$(iLoop%) + Chr$(34)
    Next iLoop%
    Print
    Print "Split test finished."
End Sub ' SplitTest
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub WaitForEnter
    Dim in$
    Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", in$
End Sub ' WaitForEnter
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' WaitForKey "Press <ESC> to continue", 27, 0
' WaitForKey "Press <ENTER> to begin;", 13, 0
' waitforkey "", 65, 5
 
Sub WaitForKey (prompt$, KeyCode&, DelaySeconds%)
    ' SHOW PROMPT (IF SPECIFIED)
    If Len(prompt$) > 0 Then
        If Right$(prompt$, 1) <> ";" Then
            Print prompt$
        Else
            Print Right$(prompt$, Len(prompt$) - 1);
        End If
    End If
 
    ' WAIT FOR KEY
    Do: Loop Until _KeyDown(KeyCode&) ' leave loop when specified key pressed
 
    ' PAUSE AFTER (IF SPECIFIED)
    If DelaySeconds% < 1 Then
        _KeyClear: '_DELAY 1
    Else
        _KeyClear: _Delay DelaySeconds%
    End If
End Sub ' WaitForKey
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END GENERAL PURPOSE FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN COLOR ROUTINES
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Receives:
' cycleColor = determines how foreColor, backColor are modified
' foreColor  = the foreground color
' backColor  = the background color (if needed)
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DoCycleColor colorScheme%, myColor&
 
' colorScheme = color scheme (value is alternated on subsequent calls)
' myColor     = the current color (value is incremented/decremented on subsequent calls)
 
' colorScheme values:
'  1 Rainbow6 #1
'  9 Rainbow6 #2
'  2 Rainbow18 #1
' 10 Rainbow18 #2
'  3 Grayscale #1
' 11 Grayscale #2
'  4 Grayscale #1
' 12 Grayscale #2
 
Sub DoCycleColor (colorScheme As Integer, myColor As Long)
    ' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' CYCLE FORE COLOR
 
    ' 1, 9 = simple rainbow
    If colorScheme = 1 Or colorScheme = 9 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cRed&:
                myColor = cOrange&
            Case cOrange&:
                myColor = cYellow&
            Case cYellow&:
                myColor = cGreen&
            Case cGreen&:
                myColor = cBlue&
            Case cBlue&:
                myColor = cPurple&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cRed&
        End Select
 
    ' 2, 10 = complex rainbow
    ElseIf colorScheme = 2 Or colorScheme = 10 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cRed&:
                myColor = cOrangeRed&
            Case cOrangeRed&:
                myColor = cDarkOrange&
            Case cDarkOrange&:
                myColor = cOrange&
            Case cOrange&:
                myColor = cGold&
            Case cGold&:
                myColor = cYellow&
            Case cYellow&:
                myColor = cOliveDrab1&
            Case cOliveDrab1&:
                myColor = cLime&
            Case cLime&:
                myColor = cMediumSpringGreen&
            Case cMediumSpringGreen&:
                myColor = cCyan&
            Case cCyan&:
                myColor = cDeepSkyBlue&
            Case cDeepSkyBlue&:
                myColor = cDodgerBlue&
            Case cDodgerBlue&:
                myColor = cSeaBlue&
            Case cSeaBlue&:
                myColor = cBlue&
            Case cBlue&:
                myColor = cBluePurple&
            Case cBluePurple&:
                myColor = cDeepPurple&
            Case cDeepPurple&:
                myColor = cPurple&
            Case cPurple&:
                myColor = cPurpleRed&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cRed&
        End Select
 
    ' 3, 11 = grayscale, ascending
    ElseIf colorScheme = 3 Or colorScheme = 11 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cBlack&:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
            Case cDarkGray&:
                myColor = cDimGray&
            Case cDimGray&:
                myColor = cGray&
            Case cGray&:
                myColor = cLightGray&
            Case cLightGray&:
                myColor = cSilver&
            Case cSilver&:
                myColor = cWhite&
            Case Else:
                'myColor = cBlack&
                myColor = cSilver&
 
                ' go in the other direction!
                If colorScheme = 3 Then
                    colorScheme = 4
                Else
                    colorScheme = 12
                End If
 
        End Select
 
    ' 4, 8, 12 = grayscale, descending
    ElseIf colorScheme = 4 Or colorScheme = 12 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cWhite&:
                myColor = cSilver&
            Case cSilver&:
                myColor = cLightGray&
            Case cLightGray&:
                myColor = cGray&
            Case cGray&:
                myColor = cDimGray&
            Case cDimGray&:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
            Case cDarkGray&:
                myColor = cBlack&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
 
                ' go in the other direction!
                If colorScheme = 4 Then
                    colorScheme = 3
                Else
                    colorScheme = 11
                End If
        End Select
 
    End If
    
End Sub ' DoCycleColor
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END COLOR ROUTINES
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' NOTE: these are mostly negative numbers
'       and have to be forced to positive
'       when stored in the dictionary
'       (only cEmpty& should be negative)
 
Function cRed& ()
    cRed& = _RGB32(255, 0, 0)
End Function
 
Function cOrangeRed& ()
    cOrangeRed& = _RGB32(255, 69, 0)
End Function ' cOrangeRed&
 
Function cDarkOrange& ()
    cDarkOrange& = _RGB32(255, 140, 0)
End Function ' cDarkOrange&
 
Function cOrange& ()
    cOrange& = _RGB32(255, 165, 0)
End Function ' cOrange&
 
Function cGold& ()
    cGold& = _RGB32(255, 215, 0)
End Function ' cGold&
 
Function cYellow& ()
    cYellow& = _RGB32(255, 255, 0)
End Function ' cYellow&
 
' LONG-HAIRED FRIENDS OF JESUS OR NOT,
' THIS IS NOT YELLOW ENOUGH (TOO CLOSE TO LIME)
' TO USE FOR OUR COMPLEX RAINBOW SEQUENCE:
Function cChartreuse& ()
    cChartreuse& = _RGB32(127, 255, 0)
End Function ' cChartreuse&
 
' WE SUBSTITUTE THIS CSS3 COLOR FOR INBETWEEN LIME AND YELLOW:
Function cOliveDrab1& ()
    cOliveDrab1& = _RGB32(192, 255, 62)
End Function ' cOliveDrab1&
 
Function cLime& ()
    cLime& = _RGB32(0, 255, 0)
End Function ' cLime&
 
Function cMediumSpringGreen& ()
    cMediumSpringGreen& = _RGB32(0, 250, 154)
End Function ' cMediumSpringGreen&
 
Function cCyan& ()
    cCyan& = _RGB32(0, 255, 255)
End Function ' cCyan&
 
Function cDeepSkyBlue& ()
    cDeepSkyBlue& = _RGB32(0, 191, 255)
End Function ' cDeepSkyBlue&
 
Function cDodgerBlue& ()
    cDodgerBlue& = _RGB32(30, 144, 255)
End Function ' cDodgerBlue&
 
Function cSeaBlue& ()
    cSeaBlue& = _RGB32(0, 64, 255)
End Function ' cSeaBlue&
 
Function cBlue& ()
    cBlue& = _RGB32(0, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBlue&
 
Function cBluePurple& ()
    cBluePurple& = _RGB32(64, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBluePurple&
 
Function cDeepPurple& ()
    cDeepPurple& = _RGB32(96, 0, 255)
End Function ' cDeepPurple&
 
Function cPurple& ()
    cPurple& = _RGB32(128, 0, 255)
End Function ' cPurple&
 
Function cPurpleRed& ()
    cPurpleRed& = _RGB32(128, 0, 192)
End Function ' cPurpleRed&
 
Function cDarkRed& ()
    cDarkRed& = _RGB32(160, 0, 64)
End Function ' cDarkRed&
 
Function cBrickRed& ()
    cBrickRed& = _RGB32(192, 0, 32)
End Function ' cBrickRed&
 
Function cDarkGreen& ()
    cDarkGreen& = _RGB32(0, 100, 0)
End Function ' cDarkGreen&
 
Function cGreen& ()
    cGreen& = _RGB32(0, 128, 0)
End Function ' cGreen&
 
Function cOliveDrab& ()
    cOliveDrab& = _RGB32(107, 142, 35)
End Function ' cOliveDrab&
 
Function cLightPink& ()
    cLightPink& = _RGB32(255, 182, 193)
End Function ' cLightPink&
 
Function cHotPink& ()
    cHotPink& = _RGB32(255, 105, 180)
End Function ' cHotPink&
 
Function cDeepPink& ()
    cDeepPink& = _RGB32(255, 20, 147)
End Function ' cDeepPink&
 
Function cMagenta& ()
    cMagenta& = _RGB32(255, 0, 255)
End Function ' cMagenta&
 
Function cBlack& ()
    cBlack& = _RGB32(0, 0, 0)
End Function ' cBlack&
 
Function cDimGray& ()
    cDimGray& = _RGB32(105, 105, 105)
End Function ' cDimGray&
 
Function cGray& ()
    cGray& = _RGB32(128, 128, 128)
End Function ' cGray&
 
Function cDarkGray& ()
    cDarkGray& = _RGB32(169, 169, 169)
End Function ' cDarkGray&
 
Function cSilver& ()
    cSilver& = _RGB32(192, 192, 192)
End Function ' cSilver&
 
Function cLightGray& ()
    cLightGray& = _RGB32(211, 211, 211)
End Function ' cLightGray&
 
Function cGainsboro& ()
    cGainsboro& = _RGB32(220, 220, 220)
End Function ' cGainsboro&
 
Function cWhiteSmoke& ()
    cWhiteSmoke& = _RGB32(245, 245, 245)
End Function ' cWhiteSmoke&
 
Function cWhite& ()
    cWhite& = _RGB32(255, 255, 255)
End Function ' cWhite&
 
Function cDarkBrown& ()
    cDarkBrown& = _RGB32(128, 64, 0)
End Function ' cDarkBrown&
 
Function cLightBrown& ()
    cLightBrown& = _RGB32(196, 96, 0)
End Function ' cLightBrown&
 
Function cKhaki& ()
    cKhaki& = _RGB32(240, 230, 140)
End Function ' cKhaki&
 
Function cEmpty& ()
    cEmpty& = -1
End Function ' cEmpty&
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' #END
' ################################################################################################################################################################
 

Exhibit B: simple test works

Code: QB64: [Select]

' Isomatric mapping demo re-revisited
' test code
 
' Based on Isometric Mapping Demo
' by SMcNeill, bplus, and others at
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1903.30
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' boolean constants
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const FALSE = 0
Const TRUE = Not FALSE
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' constants for drawing the 2.5D screen
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const cGridOffsetX = 200
Const cGridOffsetY = 200
Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TEST DRAWING IN COLORS, WHITE NOT VISIBLE
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32): _ScreenMove 0, 0
 
Dim iScreenOffsetX As Integer : iScreenOffsetX = 450
Dim iScreenOffsetY As Integer : iScreenOffsetY = 200
Dim iGridSize As Integer : iGridSize = 8
Dim alpha& : alpha& = 255
Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
Dim iPosX1%
Dim iPosX2%
Dim iPosY1%
Dim iPosY2%
Dim iPosZ1%
Dim in$
 
CLS
 
iColor = cRed&
iPosX1% = 40 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 10 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 10 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
iColor = cLime&
iPosX1% = 25 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 10 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
iColor = cBlue&
iPosX1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 10 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
iColor = cWhite&
iPosX1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
iColor = cYellow&
iPosX1% = 30 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 20 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
iColor = cSilver&
iPosX1% = 40 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
iPosY1% = 10 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
iPosZ1% = 30 * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
 
PRINT "You should see 6 cubes, colored: red, lime, blue, white, yellow, silver."
INPUT "PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE";in$
System ' return control to the operating system
End
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CX2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian X To Isometic coordinates
    CX2I = x - y
End Function ' CX2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CY2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian Y To Isometic coordinates
    CY2I = (x + y) / 2
End Function ' CY2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' since we're drawing a diamond and not a square box, we can't use Line BF.
' We have to manually down the 4 points of the line.
 
Sub IsoLine (x, y, x2, y2, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Paint (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + 4), iColor 'and fill the diamond solid
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
End Sub ' IsoLine
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Like IsoLine, we're going to have to draw our lines manually.
' only in this case, we also need a Z coordinate to tell us how
' THICK/TALL/HIGH to make our tile
 
' MODIFIED by madscijr to draw a single tile of height iHeight at Z axis
' MODIFIED by madscijr to accept an alpha& value to control transparency (where 0=fully transparent, 255=opaque)
 
''Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
'Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
    Dim r 'as integer
    Dim g 'as integer
    Dim b 'as integer
    'dim iNewColor As _Unsigned Long
 
    r = _Red32(iColor)
    g = _Green32(iColor)
    b = _Blue32(iColor)
 
    ' Let's just do all the math first this time.
    ' We need to turn those 4 normal points into 4 isometric points (x, y, x1, y1)
    TempX1 = CX2I(x, y) + xoffset
    TempY1 = CY2I(x, y) + yoffset
    TempX2 = CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset
    TempY2 = CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset
    TempX3 = CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset
    TempY3 = CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset
    TempX4 = CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset
    TempY4 = CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset
 
    ' The top
    'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, iColor
    fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)
 
    If z <> 0 Then
        ' TODO: maybe change which sides gets shaded depending on the direction of the light source?
 
        ' draw the left side, shaded 75%
        'fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b)
        fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b, alpha&)
 
        ' draw the right side,s haded 50%
        'fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b)
        fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b, alpha&)
    Else
        ' no need to draw any height, if there isn't any.
    End If
End Sub ' IsoLine3D
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' found at abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website
' don’t go there: http://www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there]/forum/index.php?topic=14425.0
 
Sub ftri (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Dim a&
 
    D = _Dest
    a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    _Dest a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
    _FreeImage a& ' <<< this is important!
End Sub ' ftri
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' 2019-11-20 Steve saves some time with STATIC
' and saves and restores last dest
 
Sub ftri1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Static a&
 
    D = _Dest
    If a& = 0 Then
        a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    End If
    _Dest a&
    _DontBlend a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Blend a&
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
End Sub ' ftri1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' original fill quad that may be at fault using Steve's fTri version
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line) list them clockwise
' so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri1 x1, y1, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
    ftri1 x3, y3, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
End Sub ' fquad1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' update 2019-12-16 needs orig fTri
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line)
' list them clockwise so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K
    ftri x3, y3, x4, y4, x1, y1, K
End Sub ' fquad
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' NOTE: these are mostly negative numbers
'       and have to be forced to positive
'       when stored in the dictionary
'       (only cEmpty& should be negative)
 
Function cRed& ()
    cRed& = _RGB32(255, 0, 0)
End Function
 
Function cOrangeRed& ()
    cOrangeRed& = _RGB32(255, 69, 0)
End Function ' cOrangeRed&
 
Function cDarkOrange& ()
    cDarkOrange& = _RGB32(255, 140, 0)
End Function ' cDarkOrange&
 
Function cOrange& ()
    cOrange& = _RGB32(255, 165, 0)
End Function ' cOrange&
 
Function cGold& ()
    cGold& = _RGB32(255, 215, 0)
End Function ' cGold&
 
Function cYellow& ()
    cYellow& = _RGB32(255, 255, 0)
End Function ' cYellow&
 
' LONG-HAIRED FRIENDS OF JESUS OR NOT,
' THIS IS NOT YELLOW ENOUGH (TOO CLOSE TO LIME)
' TO USE FOR OUR COMPLEX RAINBOW SEQUENCE:
Function cChartreuse& ()
    cChartreuse& = _RGB32(127, 255, 0)
End Function ' cChartreuse&
 
' WE SUBSTITUTE THIS CSS3 COLOR FOR INBETWEEN LIME AND YELLOW:
Function cOliveDrab1& ()
    cOliveDrab1& = _RGB32(192, 255, 62)
End Function ' cOliveDrab1&
 
Function cLime& ()
    cLime& = _RGB32(0, 255, 0)
End Function ' cLime&
 
Function cMediumSpringGreen& ()
    cMediumSpringGreen& = _RGB32(0, 250, 154)
End Function ' cMediumSpringGreen&
 
Function cCyan& ()
    cCyan& = _RGB32(0, 255, 255)
End Function ' cCyan&
 
Function cDeepSkyBlue& ()
    cDeepSkyBlue& = _RGB32(0, 191, 255)
End Function ' cDeepSkyBlue&
 
Function cDodgerBlue& ()
    cDodgerBlue& = _RGB32(30, 144, 255)
End Function ' cDodgerBlue&
 
Function cSeaBlue& ()
    cSeaBlue& = _RGB32(0, 64, 255)
End Function ' cSeaBlue&
 
Function cBlue& ()
    cBlue& = _RGB32(0, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBlue&
 
Function cBluePurple& ()
    cBluePurple& = _RGB32(64, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBluePurple&
 
Function cDeepPurple& ()
    cDeepPurple& = _RGB32(96, 0, 255)
End Function ' cDeepPurple&
 
Function cPurple& ()
    cPurple& = _RGB32(128, 0, 255)
End Function ' cPurple&
 
Function cPurpleRed& ()
    cPurpleRed& = _RGB32(128, 0, 192)
End Function ' cPurpleRed&
 
Function cDarkRed& ()
    cDarkRed& = _RGB32(160, 0, 64)
End Function ' cDarkRed&
 
Function cBrickRed& ()
    cBrickRed& = _RGB32(192, 0, 32)
End Function ' cBrickRed&
 
Function cDarkGreen& ()
    cDarkGreen& = _RGB32(0, 100, 0)
End Function ' cDarkGreen&
 
Function cGreen& ()
    cGreen& = _RGB32(0, 128, 0)
End Function ' cGreen&
 
Function cOliveDrab& ()
    cOliveDrab& = _RGB32(107, 142, 35)
End Function ' cOliveDrab&
 
Function cLightPink& ()
    cLightPink& = _RGB32(255, 182, 193)
End Function ' cLightPink&
 
Function cHotPink& ()
    cHotPink& = _RGB32(255, 105, 180)
End Function ' cHotPink&
 
Function cDeepPink& ()
    cDeepPink& = _RGB32(255, 20, 147)
End Function ' cDeepPink&
 
Function cMagenta& ()
    cMagenta& = _RGB32(255, 0, 255)
End Function ' cMagenta&
 
Function cBlack& ()
    cBlack& = _RGB32(0, 0, 0)
End Function ' cBlack&
 
Function cDimGray& ()
    cDimGray& = _RGB32(105, 105, 105)
End Function ' cDimGray&
 
Function cGray& ()
    cGray& = _RGB32(128, 128, 128)
End Function ' cGray&
 
Function cDarkGray& ()
    cDarkGray& = _RGB32(169, 169, 169)
End Function ' cDarkGray&
 
Function cSilver& ()
    cSilver& = _RGB32(192, 192, 192)
End Function ' cSilver&
 
Function cLightGray& ()
    cLightGray& = _RGB32(211, 211, 211)
End Function ' cLightGray&
 
Function cGainsboro& ()
    cGainsboro& = _RGB32(220, 220, 220)
End Function ' cGainsboro&
 
Function cWhiteSmoke& ()
    cWhiteSmoke& = _RGB32(245, 245, 245)
End Function ' cWhiteSmoke&
 
Function cWhite& ()
    cWhite& = _RGB32(255, 255, 255)
End Function ' cWhite&
 
Function cDarkBrown& ()
    cDarkBrown& = _RGB32(128, 64, 0)
End Function ' cDarkBrown&
 
Function cLightBrown& ()
    cLightBrown& = _RGB32(196, 96, 0)
End Function ' cLightBrown&
 
Function cKhaki& ()
    cKhaki& = _RGB32(240, 230, 140)
End Function ' cKhaki&
 
Function cEmpty& ()
    cEmpty& = -1
End Function ' cEmpty&
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' GENERAL PURPOSE FUNCTIONS
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstr$ (myValue)
    'cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstr$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstr$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrl$ (myValue As Long)
    cstrl$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrl$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrs$ (myValue As Single)
    ''cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstrs$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrs$
 
 

STxAxTIC · « **Reply #1 on:** December 12, 2021, 04:07:05 pm »

What's interesting is white shows back up when I change its definition to:

Code: QB64: [Select]

Function cWhite& ()
    cWhite& = _RGB32(254, 255, 255)
End Function ' cWhite&

Note the one digit being off from 255. This could probably help you find whatever off-by-one error is going on.

madscijr · « **Reply #2 on:** December 12, 2021, 04:35:46 pm »

Quote from: STxAxTIC on December 12, 2021, 04:07:05 pm

What's interesting is white shows back up when I change its definition to:

Code: QB64: [Select]
Function cWhite& ()
cWhite& = _RGB32(254, 255, 255)
End Function ' cWhite&

Note the one digit being off from 255. This could probably help you find whatever off-by-one error is going on.

Thank you for your response.
Well that is definitely a workaround, using "off white".
I'm not sure how to find the error though.

An interesting thing I found -
I disabled all the drawing except for three colors: red, white, blue (full program listing below).
I have it _echo the values and the strange thing is,
when it gets to white, the values are the same as for red!
Go figure?

Debugging console output:

Code: [Select]

Started untitled.exe
Debugging on...
IsoLine3D
    x=194
    y=170
    x2=202
    y2=178
    z=8
    iHeight=8
    xoffset=450
    yoffset=200
    iColor=4294901760
    alpha&=255
    r=255
    g=0
    b=0
    _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)=4294901760
IsoLine3D
    x=130
    y=130
    x2=138
    y2=138
    z=80
    iHeight=8
    xoffset=450
    yoffset=200
    iColor=4294901760
    alpha&=255
    r=255
    g=0
    b=0
    _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)=4294901760
IsoLine3D
    x=210
    y=130
    x2=218
    y2=138
    z=80
    iHeight=8
    xoffset=450
    yoffset=200
    iColor=4278190335
    alpha&=255
    r=0
    g=0
    b=255
    _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)=4278190335

The code:

Code: QB64: [Select]

' ################################################################################################################################################################
' #TOP
 
' Isomatric mapping demo re-revisited
' Version 3.00.14 by madscijr
 
' Based on Isometric Mapping Demo
' by SMcNeill, bplus, and others at
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1903.30
 
' This crude version uses a 3-dimensional array (32x32x32)
' to store cubes of different colors,
' and draws them to the screen in 2.5D "isometric".
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' DONE:
' * Render cubes that block the view of the player as transparent.
' * 2-D top down "map" view of the player's current Z slice.
' * variable grid size
' * change arrMap to global shared variable (for simpler code) & rename m_arrMap
' * allow player to rotate their view
' * preliminary multiplayer changes
'   - move player info into array (upto 4 players)
'   - key mapping variables
' * fixed some keyboard input (repeating keys, continuous motion)
' * fixed right point of view bug where x & y coordinates were reversed
' * preliminary multiplayer changes
'   - split screen display (4, 6, or 8?)
'     + for now display player 1's world rotated in each window (for editor)
'       * x4: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward
'       * x6: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up, c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward
'       * x8: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up, c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, (none), (none)
'     + will eventually be one per player
' * 2D minimap background = cKhaki&
' * , and . change minimap size
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TO DO:
' * editor v1 = simple drawing program
'   - add type RecordType to hold recording steps
'   - add array m_arrRecord of RecordType to hold recording
'   - display available tiles/colors/etc. at bottom of screen
'     + 26 colors including empty
'     + 2 tiles (empty, wall)
'   - cursor places tiles (ENTER = add/delete at current space)
'   - 0-9 keys change colors/etc.
'   - CTRL+Z, CTRL+Y UNDO & REDO ? (save levels of undo, or history of commands)
'   - save screens to file (stored as editable text)
'     + FORMAT: [tile=t][color@x,y,z][color@x,y,z][color@x,y,z]...
'   - load screens into array m_arrRecord
'     + PARSER:
'       1. replace all ][ with [
'       2. split by "[" into simple 1D array
'       3. each element is either "tile=t" or "plot=color@x,y,z"
'       4. parse data into array to playback recording
'          [n][0] = command
'                   -1 = select tile "tile=t"
'                   0+ = color to plot "color@x,y,z"
'          [n][1] = parameter #1 = tile
'          [n][2] = parameter #2 = x
'          [n][3] = parameter #3 = y
'          [n][3] = parameter #4 = z
'   - run commands in m_arrRecord to plot tiles and display
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' * rotating view changes orientation of keys (get it working)
 
' * add parameters to tiles
' * - color scheme (for cycle colors)
 
' * add tiles
'   - transparent lights (blinking / cycle colors)
 
' * editor v2 = simple animation program
'   - records cursor movements and adding/deleting tiles
'   - press key to record a "frame"
'     + flash screen + play a sound
'   - can change animation speed
'   - realtime=on command enables redrawing screen every step (until realtime=off command encountered)
'   - playback mode recreates editing actions
'   - playback updates screen every "update"
'   - tweak save format (still editable text)
'     + FORMAT: [cls][rotate=d][speed=n][tile=t][color@x,y,z][tile=t][color@x,y,z][update][tile=t][color@x,y,z][realtime=on][tile=t][color@x,y,z]...
'     + PARSER:
'       1. replace all ][ with [
'       2. split by "[" into simple 1D array
'       3. each element is either "color@x,y,z", "tile=t", "cls", "update", "speed=s", "realtime=on", "realtime=off", "rotate=d"
'       4. parse array into array of LONG for playback
'          [n].Command
'                   -7 = rotate point of view (up, down, left, right, back, forward) "rotate=d"
'                   -6 = disable screen update every step "realtime=off"
'                   -5 = enable screen update every step "realtime=on"
'                   -4 = set speed "speed=s"
'                   -3 = update screen "update"
'                   -2 = clear screen "cls"
'                   -1 = select tile "tile=t"
'                   0+ = color to plot "color@x,y,z"
'          [n].Param1 = parameter #1 = tile, speed, direction
'          [n].Param2 = parameter #2 = x
'          [n].Param3 = parameter #3 = y
'          [n].Param4 = parameter #4 = z
'   - effects of gravity (from bottom up, ie z=0 to z=max)
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' * expand world to bigger than screen (2.5d scrolling view)
 
' * editor v3 = mouse
'   - mouse movement controls cursor x,y position
'   - mouse wheel controls z position
'   - left click draws a tile
'   - right click erases a tile
'   - ENTER records a frame
'   - Add animation playback command:
'          [n][0] = command
'                   -8 = enable user to rotate image in realtime with mouse? "mouse=on"
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TO DO (LATER):
' * local multiplayer (2-4 players)
'   - split screen (x2 or x4)
 
' * fix/control screen placement/rendering/scroll boundaries for grid sizes 
'   (to not overwrite other players, go off screen, etc., when grid size changes)
 
' * auto-rotate view depending on direction player is facing
 
' * control the x/y/z slice axis, for a cutaway view
 
' * gravity (players stay on ground, can fall)
' * player can climb up to next level if it is 1 tile higher
' * add ability to jump over 1 space
 
' * option to remap keys
' * support game controllers
' * game controller calibration/mapping function
 
' * option to hide objects out of player's line-of-sight
 
' * show player as a stick figure (like "Realm of Impossibility")
' * walking movement
 
' * add tiles (water, ladders, steps, ropes, windows, doors, etc.)
' * add toggle tiles - door "opens" when triggered
' * triggers
' * add tiles
'   - Water = transparent blue)
'   - Window = more transparent cyan)
 
' * add directional tiles (can be rotated?)
'   - ladder
'   - bridge
'   - hand-over-hand bars?
'   - Slope45 = 45° slope <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - InvSlope45 = 45° inverted slope <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - Pyramid45 = 45° pyramid "cap stone" <- 4 or 6 directions?
'   - ramp (player can walk up/down slope45)
 
' * add ability to climb ladders + climbing animation
' * add ability to walk up ramps with smooth z-movement inbetween tiles
' * add ability to climb monkey bars (animation like lode runner)
 
' * simultaneously show additional 1st person view
' * add ability for tilting head up/down in first person
 
' * simple open world (players can add/remove tiles, build in real time)
' * make simple games (maze craze, capture the flag, snake, surround, 2.5d pong)
' * make more complex games (berzerk, lode runner, atari combat / tank)
' * make awesome complex games (2.5d lunar lander, atari adventure, asteroids, gravitar, etc.)
' * text adventure features (to create graphic Infocom or Scott Adams style games)
 
' * for 2.5D animation program: independent animated objects?
'   - 2.5D sprites?
'     + animation sequence
'     + motion path / algorithm
'     + storage / library
'     + multiple instances?
'   - gravity? (tile falls if no tiles underneath)
 
' ################################################################################################################################################################
 
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL DECLARATIONS a$=string, i%=integer, L&=long, s!=single, d#=double
' div: int1% = num1% \ den1%
' mod: rem1% = num1% MOD den1%
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' boolean constants
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const FALSE = 0
Const TRUE = Not FALSE
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' KeyDownConstants
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iKeyDown_Esc = 27
Const c_iKeyDown_F1 = 15104
Const c_iKeyDown_F2 = 15360
Const c_iKeyDown_F3 = 15616
Const c_iKeyDown_F4 = 15872
Const c_iKeyDown_F5 = 16128
Const c_iKeyDown_F6 = 16384
Const c_iKeyDown_F7 = 16640
Const c_iKeyDown_F8 = 16896
Const c_iKeyDown_F9 = 17152
Const c_iKeyDown_F10 = 17408
Const c_iKeyDown_Tilde = 96
Const c_iKeyDown_1 = 49
Const c_iKeyDown_2 = 50
Const c_iKeyDown_3 = 51
Const c_iKeyDown_4 = 52
Const c_iKeyDown_5 = 53
Const c_iKeyDown_6 = 54
Const c_iKeyDown_7 = 55
Const c_iKeyDown_8 = 56
Const c_iKeyDown_9 = 57
Const c_iKeyDown_0 = 48
Const c_iKeyDown_Minus = 45
Const c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus = 61
Const c_iKeyDown_BkSp = 8
Const c_iKeyDown_Ins = 20992
Const c_iKeyDown_Home = 18176
Const c_iKeyDown_PgUp = 18688
Const c_iKeyDown_Del = 21248
Const c_iKeyDown_End = 20224
Const c_iKeyDown_PgDn = 20736
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_7_Home = 18176
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_8_Up = 18432
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_9_PgUp = 18688
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_4_Left = 19200
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_6_Right = 19712
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_1_End = 20224
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_2_Down = 20480
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_3_PgDn = 20736
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_0_Ins = 20992
Const c_iKeyDown_KEYPAD_Period_Del = 21248
Const c_iKeyDown_Tab = 9
Const c_iKeyDown_Q = 113
Const c_iKeyDown_W = 119
Const c_iKeyDown_E = 101
Const c_iKeyDown_R = 114
Const c_iKeyDown_T = 116
Const c_iKeyDown_Y = 121
Const c_iKeyDown_U = 117
Const c_iKeyDown_Pipe = 105
Const c_iKeyDown_O = 111
Const c_iKeyDown_P = 112
Const c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft = 91
Const c_iKeyDown_BracketRight = 93
Const c_iKeyDown_Backslash = 92
Const c_iKeyDown_A = 97
Const c_iKeyDown_S = 115
Const c_iKeyDown_D = 100
Const c_iKeyDown_F = 102
Const c_iKeyDown_G = 103
Const c_iKeyDown_H = 104
Const c_iKeyDown_J = 106
Const c_iKeyDown_K = 107
Const c_iKeyDown_L = 108
Const c_iKeyDown_SemiColon = 59
Const c_iKeyDown_Apostrophe = 39
Const c_iKeyDown_Enter = 13
Const c_iKeyDown_Z = 22
Const c_iKeyDown_X = 120
Const c_iKeyDown_C = 99
Const c_iKeyDown_V = 118
Const c_iKeyDown_B = 98
Const c_iKeyDown_N = 110
Const c_iKeyDown_M = 109
Const c_iKeyDown_Comma = 44
Const c_iKeyDown_Period = 46
Const c_iKeyDown_Slash = 47
Const c_iKeyDown_Up = 18432
Const c_iKeyDown_Left = 19200
Const c_iKeyDown_Down = 20480
Const c_iKeyDown_Right = 19712
Const c_iKeyDown_Spacebar = 32
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Constants for layers
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONST cTerrainType = 1
CONST cObjectsType = 2
CONST cPlayersType = 3
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Tile value constants for map (MapTileType.Typ)
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iTile_Empty = 0
Const c_iTile_Floor = 1
Const c_iTile_Wall = 2
Const c_iTile_Water = 3
Const c_iTile_Window = 4
Const c_iTile_Player1 = 5
Const c_iTile_Player2 = 6
Const c_iTile_Player3 = 7
Const c_iTile_Player4 = 8
Const c_iTile_Blinking = 9
Const c_iTile_Snow = 10
Const c_iTile_Slope45 = 11
Const c_iTile_InvSlope45 = 12
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' constants for 2.5D movement
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const c_iDir_Down = 1
Const c_iDir_Up = 2
Const c_iDir_Left = 3
Const c_iDir_Right = 4
Const c_iDir_Back = 5
Const c_iDir_Forward = 6
Const c_iDir_Min = 1
Const c_iDir_Max = 6
 
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' constants for drawing the 2.5D screen
' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Const cGridOffsetX = 50
Const cGridOffsetY = 50
Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
Const cScreenOffsetX = 500
Const cScreenOffsetY = 300
Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' =============================================================================
' USER DEFINED TYPES
' =============================================================================
Type MapTileType
    Typ As Integer ' c_iTile_Empty, c_iTile_Floor, c_iTile_Wall, etc.
    'Vis As Integer ' TRUE = visible, FALSE = don't render
    'Lit As Long ' light offset
    Color1 As _Unsigned Long ' main color
    Color2 As _Unsigned Long ' secondary color if needed
    Color3 As _Unsigned Long ' third color if needed
    Alpha1 As Integer ' transparency of tile Color1
    Alpha2 As Integer ' transparency of tile Color2
    Alpha3 As Integer ' transparency of tile Color3
    AlphaOverride As Integer ' can be used to override alpha (255 treated as opaque)
End Type ' MapTileType
 
Type RecordType
    Command As Integer
    Param1 As Integer
    Param2 As Integer
    Param3 As Integer
    Param4 As Integer
End Type ' RecordType
 
' UDT TO HOLD THE INFO FOR A PLAYER
TYPE PlayerType
    IsEnabled AS Integer ' TRUE or FALSE
    x AS Integer ' player x position
    y AS Integer ' player y position
    z AS Integer ' player z position
    Direction AS Integer ' direction player is moving: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward; not used: c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
    View AS Integer ' player's viewing orientation (direction screen is being looked at from), can be: c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
    Tile1 As Long ' later we will instead use directional animation sequences
    
    Color1 As _Unsigned Long ' main color
    'Color2 As _Unsigned Long ' secondary color if needed
    'Color3 As _Unsigned Long ' third color if needed    
    
    Alpha1 As Integer ' transparency of player Color1
    'Alpha2 As Integer ' transparency of player Color2
    'Alpha3 As Integer ' transparency of player Color3
    
    ColorScheme1 As Long ' for cycling colors
    ColorSchemeSpeed1 As Long
    ColorSchemeCount1 As Long
    
    'ColorScheme2 As Long ' for cycling colors
    'ColorSchemeSpeed2 As Long
    'ColorSchemeCount2 As Long
    
    'ColorScheme3 As Long ' for cycling colors
    'ColorSchemeSpeed3 As Long
    'ColorSchemeCount3 As Long
    
    AlphaOverride As Integer ' can be used to override alpha (0 treated as opaque)
    
    IsMoving As Integer ' TRUE/FALSE
    IsMoved As Integer ' TRUE/FALSE
    
    GridSize As Integer
    MapSize As Integer
    
    'hx AS Integer ' home base x position
    'hy AS Integer ' home base y position
    'ex AS Integer ' exit x position
    'ey AS Integer ' exit y position
    'wins AS Integer ' count # of wins
    'points AS Long ' count points (more points for harder)
    'difficulty AS Integer ' 1-5, from 1 (easiest, maze width 5) to 5 (hardest, maze width 1). Each win awards {difficulty} # of points.
    'speed AS Integer ' the higher the faster
    'delay AS Integer ' counter, player can move based on speed
    'bit AS Integer ' bit value for masking player in map
    'rows AS Integer ' # of rows in player's maze
    'cols AS Integer ' # of columns in player's maze
END TYPE ' PlayerType
 
' KEY MAPPING v1
' UDT TO HOLD THE KEY MAPPINGS
TYPE DirKeyMapType
    KeyBack As Long
    KeyForward As Long
    KeyLeft As Long
    KeyRight As Long
    KeyUp As Long
    KeyDown As Long
END TYPE ' DirKeyMapType
 
' SPLIT SCREEN OFFSETS
TYPE SplitScreenType
    GridOffsetX As Integer
    GridOffsetY As Integer
    GridOffsetZ As Integer
    ScreenOffsetX As Integer
    ScreenOffsetY As Integer
    ScreenOffsetZ As Integer
END TYPE ' SplitScreenType
 
' =============================================================================
' GLOBAL VARIABLES
Dim Shared m_ProgramPath$ : m_ProgramPath$ = Left$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\"))
Dim Shared m_ProgramName$ : m_ProgramName$ = Mid$(Command$(0), _InStrRev(Command$(0), "\") + 1)
Dim Shared m_iGridSize As Integer : m_iGridSize = 8 ' BEFORE, < 10 wass causing problems with PAINT, but new method doesn't use PAINT, so nyah!
Dim Shared m_iGridSizeMin As Integer : m_iGridSizeMin = 1
Dim Shared m_iGridSizeMax As Integer : m_iGridSizeMax = 128
 
Dim Shared m_iMapMinX As Integer : m_iMapMinX = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxX As Integer : m_iMapMaxX = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidX As Integer : m_iMapMidX = (m_iMapMaxX-m_iMapMinX)\2
Dim Shared m_iMapMinY As Integer : m_iMapMinY = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxY As Integer : m_iMapMaxY = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidY As Integer : m_iMapMidY = (m_iMapMaxY-m_iMapMinY)\2
Dim Shared m_iMapMinZ As Integer : m_iMapMinZ = 0
Dim Shared m_iMapMaxZ As Integer : m_iMapMaxZ = 32
Dim Shared m_iMapMidZ As Integer : m_iMapMidZ = (m_iMapMaxZ-m_iMapMinZ)\2
 
Dim Shared m_iPlayerMin As Integer : m_iPlayerMin = 1
Dim Shared m_iPlayerMax As Integer : m_iPlayerMax = 4
Dim Shared m_iPlayerCount As Integer : m_iPlayerCount = 0
Dim Shared m_iObjectCount As Integer : m_iObjectCount = 0 ' <- TO BE USED WHEN WE HAVE OBJECTS
 
' Max # tiles in (32x32x32) world = 32,768
' Max # tiles for 16 (32x32x32) worlds = 524,288
' Max # tiles for 256 (32x32x32) worlds = 8,388,608
Dim Shared m_iRecordMin As Long : m_iRecordMin = 0
Dim Shared m_iRecordMax As Long : m_iRecordMax = 524288
 
Dim Shared m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrRender1(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Dim Shared m_arrPlayer(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax) As PlayerType
Dim Shared m_arrRecord(m_iRecordMin To m_iRecordMax) As RecordType
 
' For each player, map the 6 directional keys differently for each of the 6 directional orientations!
Dim Shared m_arrDirKeyMap(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax, c_iDir_Min To c_iDir_Max) As DirKeyMapType
 
' Store offsets for splitscreen
Dim Shared m_arrSplitScreen(m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerMax) As SplitScreenType
 
' Store colors in an array
Dim Shared m_arrColors(0 To 25) As Long
 
Dim Shared m_bTesting As Integer
 
' =============================================================================
' LOCAL VARIABLES
Dim in$
 
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
' ACTIVATE DEBUGGING WINDOW
$Console
_Delay 4
_Console On
_Echo "Started " + m_ProgramName$
_Echo "Debugging on..."
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
' =============================================================================
' START THE MAIN ROUTINE
main
 
' =============================================================================
' FINISH
System ' return control to the operating system
Print m_ProgramName$ + " finished."
Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", in$
 
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
' DEACTIVATE DEBUGGING WINDOW
_Console Off
' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
End
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub main
    Dim RoutineName as String : RoutineName = "main"
    Dim in$
    Dim result$
    
    Screen 0
 
    Do
        Cls
        Print m_ProgramName$
        Print
        Print "Isomatric Mapping Demo Re-visited"
        Print "v3.00.14, by Softintheheadware (Dec, 2021)"
        Print
        'PRINT "CONTROLS: PRESS <ESC> TO RETURN TO MENU"
        'PRINT "PLAYER  LEFT       RIGHT       UP        DOWN       "
        'PRINT "1       CRSR LEFT  CRSR RIGHT  CRSR UP   CRSR DOWN  "
        'PRINT "2       KEYPAD 4   KEYPAD 6    KEYPAD 8  KEYPAD 2   "
        'PRINT "3       A          S           W         Z          "
        'PRINT "4       J          K           I         M          "
        'PRINT
 
        Print "1. (TBD)"
        Print "2. (TBD)"
        Print "3. (TBD)"
        Print "4. BoxDrawTest1$ <- draws white OK"
        Print "5. Draw in 2.5D! <- draws all colors except white(?)"
        Print
        Print "What to do? ('q' to exit)"
 
        Input in$: in$ = LCase$(Left$(in$, 1))
 
        If in$ = "1" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo1$
        ElseIf in$ = "2" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo2$
        ElseIf in$ = "3" Then
            result$ = IsometricDemo3$
        ElseIf in$ = "4" Then
            result$ = BoxDrawTest1$
        ElseIf in$ = "5" Then
            result$ = IsometricDraw1$
        End If
        
        If LEN(result$) > 0 Then
            PRINT result$
        End If
        
    Loop Until in$ = "q"
End Sub ' main
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo1$
    IsometricDemo1$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo2$
    IsometricDemo2$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo2
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IsometricDemo3$
    IsometricDemo3$ = "(TBD)"
End Sub ' IsometricDemo3
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Test all the values 0-255 for style
' The style% signed INTEGER value sets a dotted pattern to draw the line or rectangle outline.
 
Function BoxDrawTest1$
    Dim in$
    Dim iSize%
    Dim iDrawX%
    Dim iDrawY%
    Dim iFromX%
    Dim iFromY%
    Dim iToX%
    Dim iToY%
    Dim iNextColor&
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iSpace%
    Dim sError As String : sError = ""
    
    iSize% = 48 ' {n}x{n} pixels square
    iDrawX% = 10
    iDrawY% = 10
    iNextColor& = cWhite&
    iSpace% = 8
    Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32) : _ScreenMove 0,0
    FOR iLoop = 0 TO 255
        DrawStyledOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, iLoop
        'DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%+1, iDrawY%+1, iSize%-2, iNextColor&, iLoop
        
        iDrawX% = iDrawX% + iSize% + iSpace%
        IF iDrawX% > (1280 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
            iDrawX% = 10
            iDrawY% = iDrawY% + iSize% + iSpace%
            
            IF iDrawY% > (1024 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                sError = "Ran out of Y space."
                EXIT FOR
            END IF
        END IF
    NEXT iLoop
    
    IF LEN(sError)=0 THEN
        FOR iLoop = 1 TO (iSize% \ 2)
            DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, iLoop
            iDrawX% = iDrawX% + iSize% + iSpace%
            IF iDrawX% > (1280 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                iDrawX% = 10
                iDrawY% = iDrawY% + iSize% + iSpace%
                IF iDrawY% > (1024 - (iSize% * 2)) THEN
                    sError = "Ran out of Y space."
                    EXIT FOR
                END IF
            END IF
        NEXT iLoop
    END IF
    
    LOCATE 58,1
    IF LEN(sError) > 0 THEN
        PRINT sError
    END IF
    INPUT "PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE";in$
    
    WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
    SCREEN 0
    
    BoxDrawTest1$ = ""
End Sub ' BoxDrawTest1$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Lets you draw a scene in 2.5D and save it to a file. Woo hoo!
 
' Version 1 only supports 2 tile types:
' c_iTile_Empty
' c_iTile_Wall
 
Function IsometricDraw1$
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "IsometricDraw1"
    Dim sResult AS String : sResult = ""
    Dim sError As String: sError = ""
    Dim iX%
    Dim iY%
    Dim iZ%
    Dim iNewX%
    Dim iNewY%
    Dim iNewZ%
    Dim iMyColor&
    Dim iColorScheme%
    Dim iDirection%
    Dim bFound As Integer
    DIM bDone As Integer
    Dim in$
    Dim iTotal% ' compute total available spaces
    Dim iCount% ' count # of spaces searched
    Dim bEnableRepeatingKeys As Integer
    Dim iLastKey As Integer ' USED WHEN REPEATING KEYS DISABLED
    Dim iLoop1 As Integer
    Dim iLoop2 As Integer
    
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iNextColor&
    Dim iFirstColor&
    Dim bContinue As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iLevelCount%
    Dim iLevelSize%
    
    Dim iDrawX%
    Dim iDrawY%
    Dim iSize%
    Dim iOffsetY%
    
    Dim iPlayerLoop AS Integer
    Dim iDirLoop AS Integer
    Dim iNextX As Integer
    Dim iNextY As Integer
    
    Dim iDrawColor%
    Dim iCursorColor&
    
    Dim bIgnoreTerrain As Integer ' If TRUE, player can move through walls, etc.
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' GET OPTIONS
    m_iPlayerCount = 1
    'm_iPlayerCount = PromptForIntegerInRange%("How many players ({min}-{max} or blank to quit)?", 1, 4, 0)
    'IF m_iPlayerCount = 0 THEN Goto CleanupAndExit
    bEnableRepeatingKeys = FALSE
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' INITIALIZE GRAPHIC SCREEN
    'Screen _NewImage(1024, 720, 32) : _ScreenMove _Middle
    Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32) : _ScreenMove 0,0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetX = 450
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetY = 200
    m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetX = 1000
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetY = 200
    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetX = 450
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetY = 700
    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetX = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetY = 50
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).GridOffsetZ = 0
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetX = 1000
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetY = 700
    m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetZ = 0
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE MAP TO EMPTY
    ClearIsometricMap
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE COLOR ARRAY
    m_arrColors( 0) = cEmpty&
    m_arrColors( 1) = cBlack&
    m_arrColors( 2) = cDarkGray&
    m_arrColors( 3) = cDimGray&
    m_arrColors( 4) = cGray&
    m_arrColors( 5) = cLightGray&
    m_arrColors( 6) = cSilver&
    m_arrColors( 7) = cWhite&
    m_arrColors( 8) = cRed&
    m_arrColors( 9) = cOrangeRed&
    m_arrColors(10) = cDarkOrange&
    m_arrColors(11) = cOrange&
    m_arrColors(12) = cGold&
    m_arrColors(13) = cYellow&
    m_arrColors(14) = cOliveDrab1&
    m_arrColors(15) = cLime&
    m_arrColors(16) = cMediumSpringGreen&
    m_arrColors(17) = cCyan&
    m_arrColors(18) = cDeepSkyBlue&
    m_arrColors(19) = cDodgerBlue&
    m_arrColors(20) = cSeaBlue&
    m_arrColors(21) = cBlue&
    m_arrColors(22) = cBluePurple&
    m_arrColors(23) = cDeepPurple&
    m_arrColors(24) = cPurple&
    m_arrColors(25) = cPurpleRed&
    
    ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' INITIALIZE OTHER VARIABLES
    bIgnoreTerrain = TRUE
    
    
        If TRUE = TRUE Then
                m_bTesting = TRUE
                
                m_arrMap(10, 10, 10).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(10, 10, 10).Color1 = cRed&
                m_arrMap(10, 10, 10).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                m_arrMap(15, 10, 10).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(15, 10, 10).Color1 = cWhite& ' cLime&
                m_arrMap(15, 10, 10).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                m_arrMap(20, 10, 10).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(20, 10, 10).Color1 = cBlue&
                m_arrMap(20, 10, 10).AlphaOverride = 255
                
        End If
        
        If TRUE = FALSE Then
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' DRAW FLOOR
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMinZ
                        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                                For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor
                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1 = cGray&
                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2 = cWhite& ' cLightGray&
                                Next iLoopY%
                        Next iLoopX%
                Next iLoopZ%
 
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' DRAW A TALL HOLLOW PYRAMID
        iX% = 5
        iY% = 10
        iZ% = 1
        iLevelSize% = 4
        
        iPosX1% = iX%
        iPosX2% = iX% + 7
        iPosY1% = iY%
        iPosY2% = iY% + 7
                
        'iNextColor& = cRed&
        'iColorScheme% = 1 ' 1 = Rainbow6 #1, 9 = Rainbow6 #2, etc.
                
                iNextColor& = cWhite&
                iColorScheme% = 3 ' 3, 11 = grayscale, ascending
                
        iLevelCount% = 0
        
        bContinue = TRUE
        Do
            ' Draw front/back walls
            For iLoopX% = iPosX1% To iPosX2%
                iLoopY% = iPosY1%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                iLoopY% = iPosY2%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopX%
            
            ' Draw left/right walls
            For iLoopY% = iPosY1% To iPosY2%
                iLoopX% = iPosX1%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                
                iLoopX% = iPosX2%
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1 = iNextColor&
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
            
            ' Add a door to middle of right wall
            iX% = iPosX1% + ( (iPosX2% - iPosX1%) \ 2)
            m_arrMap(iX%, iPosY2%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
            
            ' Add a door to middle of front wall
            iY% = iPosY1% + ( (iPosY2% - iPosY1%) \ 2)
            m_arrMap(iPosX2%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
            
            ' MOVE UP A LEVEL
            iLevelCount% = iLevelCount% + 1
            IF iLevelCount% > iLevelSize% THEN
                iLevelCount% = 0
                iPosX1% = iPosX1% + 1
                iPosX2% = iPosX2% - 1
                iPosY1% = iPosY1% + 1
                iPosY2% = iPosY2% - 1
            END IF
            
            ' QUIT AFTER WE REACH THE TOP
            If (iPosX1% <= iPosX2%) And (iPosY1% <= iPosY2%) Then
                iZ% = iZ% + 1
                DoCycleColor iColorScheme%, iNextColor&
                If iZ% > m_iMapMaxZ Then
                    bContinue = FALSE
                End If
            Else
                bContinue = FALSE
            End If
            
        Loop Until bContinue = FALSE
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (TOP)
                FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+3 TO m_iMapMaxX-3
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-3, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-3, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cWhite& ' cPurple&
                        
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+3, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+3, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cCyan&
                NEXT iLoopX%
                
                FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+3 TO m_iMapMaxY-3
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cOrange&
                        
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-3, iLoopY%, m_iMapMaxZ).Color1 = cLime&
                NEXT iLoopY%
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (MIDDLE)
                
                FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+2 TO m_iMapMaxX-2
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-2, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-2, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cWhite& ' cDodgerBlue&
                        
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+2, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+2, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cDeepPurple&
                NEXT iLoopX%
                
                FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+2 TO m_iMapMaxY-2
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cDarkRed&
                        
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-2, iLoopY%, m_iMapMidZ).Color1 = cGold&
                NEXT iLoopY%
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' DRAW FRAME AROUND ENTIRE SPACE (BOTTOM)
                
                FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX+1 TO m_iMapMaxX-1
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMaxY-1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cWhite& ' cSeaBlue&
                        
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, m_iMapMinY+1, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cChartreuse&
                NEXT iLoopX%
                
                FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY+1 TO m_iMapMaxY-1
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX+1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cOrangeRed&
                        
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        m_arrMap(m_iMapMaxX-1, iLoopY%, m_iMapMinZ+1).Color1 = cDeepSkyBlue&
                NEXT iLoopY%
    END IF
        
    ' =============================================================================
    ' PLACE PLAYER(S) <- ONLY ONE FOR THIS DEMO
    
    FOR iPlayerLoop = 1 TO m_iPlayerCount
        
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        ' BEGIN Map the 6 directional keys
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        '*** CURRENTLY THIS IS NOT USED ***
        'TODO: GET THIS WORKING (CURRENTLY IT'S ALL WEIRD)
        'TODO: WHATEVER THE KEYS MAPPED ARE, SWAP THEM NON-HARDCODED
        
        ' differently for each of the 6 directional orientations!
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Down).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Up).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_Down
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Left).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Right).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Back).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyBack = c_iKeyDown_Up
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyForward = c_iKeyDown_Down
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyLeft = c_iKeyDown_Left
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyRight = c_iKeyDown_Right
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyUp = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
        m_arrDirKeyMap(iPlayerLoop, c_iDir_Forward).KeyDown = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        ' END Map the 6 directional keys
        ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        
        ' FIND START POSITION
        iX% = RandomNumber(m_iMapMinX, m_iMapMaxX)
        iY% = RandomNumber(m_iMapMinY, m_iMapMaxY)
        iZ% = 1 ' RandomNumber(m_iMapMinZ, m_iMapMaxZ)
        
        ' MAKE SURE IT'S EMPTY
        IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
            bFound = TRUE
        ELSE
            ' IF NOT EMPTY THEN TRY TO FIND AN EMPTY SPOT
            iTotal% = ((m_iMapMaxX - m_iMapMinX)+1) * ((m_iMapMaxY - m_iMapMinY)+1) * ((m_iMapMaxZ - m_iMapMinZ)+1)
            iCount% = 0
            bFound = FALSE
            Do
                iX% = iX% + 1
                if iX% > m_iMapMaxX then
                    ' reset x and move to next y
                    iX% = m_iMapMinX
                    iY% = iY% + 1
                    if iY% > m_iMapMaxY then
                        ' reset y and move to next z
                        iY% = m_iMapMinY
                        iZ% = iZ% + 1
                        if iZ% > m_iMapMaxZ then
                            ' RESET Z AND SEE IF WE HAVE CHECKED EVERYTHING
                            iZ% = m_iMapMinZ
                            iCount% = iCount% + 1
                            if iCount% >= iTotal% then
                                ' NONE FOUND, EXIT
                                Exit Do
                            end if
                        else
                            iCount% = iCount% + 1
                        end if
                    else
                        iCount% = iCount% + 1
                    end if
                else
                    iCount% = iCount% + 1
                end if
                IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
                    ' FOUND AN EMPTY SPACE, EXIT
                    bFound = TRUE
                    Exit Do
                END IF
            Loop
        END IF
        
        If bFound = TRUE THEN
            ' PICK A DIRECTION (SIMPLE FOR NOW, LEFT OR RIGHT)
            if iX% <= m_iMapMidX then
                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
            else
                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
            end if
            
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Tile1 = c_iTile_Player1
            
            ' SAVE COORDINATES TO PLAYER
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' for this demo we'll just use iX% instead of m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x, etc.
            ' to make it more readable
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x = iX%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).y = iY%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).z = iZ%
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Forward
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1 = cRed&
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Alpha1 = 255
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).AlphaOverride = 255
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1 = 2
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeSpeed1 = 5 ' change color every 5 frames
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = 0
            
            ' DISPLAY OPTIONS
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = 8
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = 4
            
            ' RESET MOVEMENT VARIABLES
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = FALSE
            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoved = FALSE
            
            ' ********************************************************************************
            ' *** THIS IS NOW DONE AT THE RENDERING LEVEL FOR PLAYERS AND NON-TERRAIN OBJECTS
            ' ********************************************************************************
            '' DRAW PLAYER
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Tile1
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1
            'm_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Alpha1
            
        Else
            sError = "Could not find an empty space to start player."    
            Exit For
        End If
        
    NEXT iPlayerLoop
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' OTHER SETUP
    If Len(sError)=0 Then
        ' RESET INPUT
        WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Enter
    End If
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' MAIN LOOP
    If Len(sError)=0 Then
        iDrawColor% = 8 ' RED
        iCursorColor& = cRed&
        bFinished = FALSE
        Do
            CLS ' is cls necessary?
            
            ' SHOW INSTRUCTIONS / COORDINATES ON SCREEN
            LOCATE  1, 3: PRINT "IsometricDraw1"
            LOCATE  3, 3: PRINT "CRSR RT/LF MOVES X = " + CSTR$(iX%)
            LOCATE  4, 3: PRINT "CRSR UP/DN MOVES Y = " + CSTR$(iY%)
            LOCATE  5, 3: PRINT "PAGE UP/DN MOVES Z = " + CSTR$(iZ%)
            LOCATE  6, 3: PRINT "=    / -   CHANGES GRID SIZE     = " + CSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize)
            LOCATE  7, 3: PRINT "[    / ]   TOGGLES MOVEMENT      = " + IIFSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).IsMoving, "TRUE", "FALSE")
            LOCATE  8, 3: PRINT "INS  / DEL TOGGLES REPEAT KEYS   = " + IIFSTR$(bEnableRepeatingKeys, "TRUE", "FALSE")
            LOCATE  9, 3: PRINT ",    / .   CHANGES MINI MAP SIZE = " + CSTR$(m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize)
            
            LOCATE 12, 3: PRINT "PRESS <ESC> TO QUIT"
            
            LOCATE 25, 10: PRINT "1 color-"
            LOCATE 26, 10: PRINT "2 color+"
            LOCATE 27, 10: PRINT "3 draw"
            LOCATE 28, 10: PRINT "4 erase"
            LOCATE 29, 10: PRINT "5 toggle"
            LOCATE 30, 10: PRINT "6 eyedropper"
            LOCATE 31, 10: PRINT "7 clear"
            LOCATE 32, 10: PRINT "8 open"
            LOCATE 33, 10: PRINT "9 save"
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' BEGIN DRAW PALETTE
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            'TODO: support variable screen resolutions instead of hardcoded 1280x1024
            iSize% = 24 ' {n}x{n} pixels square
            iDrawX% = 10
            iOffsetY% = 350
            FOR iLoop1 = 0 TO 25
                iDrawY% = iOffsetY%+(iLoop1 * iSize%)
                IF iLoop1 = 0 THEN
                    ' COLOR = TRANSPARENT
                    
                    ' DRAW A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN FOR TRANSPARENT
                    iFirstColor& = cDarkGray&
                    FOR iLoopY% = iDrawY% TO ((iDrawY% + iSize%)-4) STEP 4
                        IF iFirstColor& = cDarkGray& THEN
                            iFirstColor& = cGray&
                        ELSE
                            iFirstColor& = cDarkGray&
                        END IF
                        iNextColor& = iFirstColor&
                        FOR iLoopX% = iDrawX% TO ((iDrawX% + iSize%)-4) STEP 4
                            DrawBox iLoopX%, iLoopY%, 4, iNextColor&
                            IF iNextColor& = cDarkGray& THEN 
                                iNextColor& = cGray&
                            ELSE
                                iNextColor& = cDarkGray&
                            END IF
                        NEXT iLoopX%
                    NEXT iLoopY%
                ELSEIF iLoop1 = 1 THEN
                    ' COLOR = BLACK
                ELSE
                    iNextColor& = m_arrColors(iLoop1)
                    DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&
                END IF
                
                ' DRAW A BORDER AROUND IT
                iNextColor& = cDarkGray&
                DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iNextColor&, 1
            NEXT iLoop1
            
            ' DRAW WHITE BOX AROUND CURRENT COLOR
            DoCycleColor 1, iCursorColor&
            iDrawY% = iOffsetY%+(iDrawColor% * iSize%)
            DrawOutlineBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, iSize%, iCursorColor&, 1
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' END DRAW PALETTE
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            
            
            
            
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' BEGIN PLAYER LOOP
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Forward, m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(1).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
                        m_bTesting = FALSE
                        
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Back,    m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(2).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Left,    m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(3).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            DrawScreen c_iDir_Right,   m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetX, m_arrSplitScreen(4).ScreenOffsetY, m_arrPlayer(1).GridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%
            
            FOR iPlayerLoop = 1 TO m_iPlayerCount
                'DrawScreen m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iX%, iY%, iZ%
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN SHOW 2D MINI MAP ON SCREEN
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' TODO: FOR MULTIPLAYER, DRAW A SEPARATE MAP PER PLAYER TO SPLIT SCREEN
                FOR iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX TO m_iMapMaxX
                    FOR iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY TO m_iMapMaxY
                        'iDrawX% = (iLoopX% * 4) + 20
                        iDrawX% = (iLoopX% * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 20
                        
                        'iDrawY% = (iLoopY% * 4) + 200
                        iDrawY% = (iLoopY% * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 200
                        
                        IF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                        ELSEIF m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 THEN
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iZ%).Color1
                            
                        'TODO: ADD OTHER TYPES
                        
                        ELSE
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, cBlack&
                            'DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, 4, cKhaki&
                            DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, cKhaki&
                        END IF
                    NEXT iLoopY%
                NEXT iLoopX%
                                
                                ' DRAW THE PLAYERS ON THE MINI MAP
                                For iLoop1 = m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerCount
                                        iDrawX% = (m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).x * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 20
                                        iDrawY% = (m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).y * m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize) + 200
                                        
                                        ' TODO: ADD Alpha PARAMETER TO DrawBox
                                        DrawBox iDrawX%, iDrawY%, m_arrPlayer(1).MapSize, m_arrPlayer(iLoop1).Color1
                                Next iLoop1
                                
                                ' DRAW THE OBJECTS ON THE MINI MAP
                                ' (TO DO WHEN WE ADD OBJECTS)
                                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END SHOW 2D MINI MAP ON SCREEN
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET DIRECTIONAL KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                If _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Up) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Up OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Back
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Down) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Down OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Down
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Forward
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Left) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Left OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Left
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Right) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Right OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Right
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_PgUp) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_PgUp OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_PgUp
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Up
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_PgDn) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_PgDn OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_PgDn
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Down
                        bMoved = TRUE
                    End If                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET DIRECTIONAL KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET DRAWING INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' 1 color-
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_1) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_1 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_1
                        
                        iDrawColor% = iDrawColor% - 1
                        IF iDrawColor% < 0 THEN
                            iDrawColor% = 25
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 2 color+
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_2) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_2 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_2
                        
                        iDrawColor% = iDrawColor% + 1
                        IF iDrawColor% > 25 THEN
                            iDrawColor% = 0
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 3 draw
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_3) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_3 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_3
                        
                        IF iDrawColor% > 0 THEN
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                        ELSE
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                        END IF
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrColors(iDrawColor%)
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    End If
                    
                ' 4 erase
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_4) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_4 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_4
                        
                        m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                    End If
                    
                ' 5 toggle
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_5) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_5 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_5
                        
                        IF m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty THEN
                            IF iDrawColor% > 0 THEN
                                m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall
                            ELSE
                                m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                            END IF
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1 = m_arrColors(iDrawColor%)
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                        ELSE
                            m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ' 6 eyedropper
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_6) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_6 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_6
                        
                        iDrawColor% = GetPaletteFromColor%(m_arrMap(iX%, iY%, iZ%).Color1)
                    End If
                    
                ' 7 clear all
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_7) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_7 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_7
                        
                        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1 = cEmpty&
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1 = 255
                                                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                Next iLoopZ%
                            Next iLoopY%
                        Next iLoopX%
                        
                    End If
                    
                ' 8 open
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_8) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_8 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_8
                        'TBD
                    End If
                    
                ' 9 save
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_9) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_9 OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_9
                        'TBD
                    End If
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET DRAWING INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                
                
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' BEGIN GET OTHER KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_BracketLeft
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_BracketRight) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_BracketRight OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_BracketRight
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving = FALSE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Comma) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Comma OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Comma
                        ' TODO: HAVE MAP SIZE PER PLAYER
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize < 1 THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = 1
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Period) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Period OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Period
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize > m_iGridSizeMax THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).MapSize = m_iGridSizeMax
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Minus) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Minus OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Minus
                        ' TODO: HAVE SEPARATE GRID SIZE PER PLAYER / SPLIT SCREEN?
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize < m_iGridSizeMin THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_iGridSizeMin
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_EqualPlus
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize > m_iGridSizeMax THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).GridSize = m_iGridSizeMax
                        ELSE
                            bMoved = TRUE
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Home) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Home OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Home
                        ' c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View - 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View < c_iDir_Min THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Max
                        END IF
                    End If
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_End) Then
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_End OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_End
                        ' c_iDir_Left, c_iDir_Right, c_iDir_Back, c_iDir_Forward, c_iDir_Down, c_iDir_Up
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View + 1
                        IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View > c_iDir_Max THEN
                            m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).View = c_iDir_Min
                        END IF
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Ins) Then
                    ' TODO: DO WE NEED TO HANDLE REPEATING KEYS FOR MULTIPLAYER?
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Ins OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Ins
                        bEnableRepeatingKeys = TRUE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Del) Then
                    ' TODO: DO WE NEED TO HANDLE REPEATING KEYS FOR MULTIPLAYER?
                    If iLastKey <> c_iKeyDown_Del OR bEnableRepeatingKeys=TRUE Then
                        iLastKey = c_iKeyDown_Del
                        bEnableRepeatingKeys = FALSE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf _KeyDown(c_iKeyDown_Esc) Then
                    Exit Do
                Else
                    iLastKey = -1
                End If
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' END GET OTHER KEYBOARD INPUT
                ' -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                
                
                
                ' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ' MOVE PLAYER BASED ON DIRECTION
                ' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).IsMoving=TRUE OR bMoved=TRUE THEN
                    bMoved = FALSE
                    
                    SELECT CASE m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction
                        CASE c_iDir_Down:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ% - 1
                            If iNewZ% < m_iMapMinZ Then
                                iNewZ% = m_iMapMaxZ
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Up
                                iNewZ% = iZ%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Up:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ% + 1
                            If iNewZ% > m_iMapMaxZ Then
                                iNewZ% = m_iMapMinZ
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Down
                                iNewZ% = iZ%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Left:
                            iNewX% = iX% - 1
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewX% < m_iMapMinX Then
                                iNewX% = m_iMapMaxX
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Right
                                iNewX% = iX%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Right:
                            iNewX% = iX% + 1
                            iNewY% = iY%
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewX% > m_iMapMaxX Then
                                iNewX% = m_iMapMinX
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Left
                                iNewX% = iX%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Back:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY% - 1
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewY% < m_iMapMinY Then
                                iNewY% = m_iMapMaxY
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Forward
                                iNewY% = iY%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE c_iDir_Forward:
                            iNewX% = iX%
                            iNewY% = iY% + 1
                            iNewZ% = iZ%
                            If iNewY% > m_iMapMaxY Then
                                iNewY% = m_iMapMinY
                            End If
                            If (m_arrMap(iNewX%, iNewY%, iNewZ%).Typ <> c_iTile_Empty) AND (bIgnoreTerrain = FALSE) Then
                                m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Direction = c_iDir_Back
                                iNewY% = iY%
                            End If
                            
                        CASE ELSE:
                            ' (DO NOTHING)
                            'iNewX% = iX%
                            'iNewY% = iY%
                            'iNewZ% = iZ%
                    END SELECT
                    
                    ' SAVE NEW POSITION
                    iX% = iNewX%
                    iY% = iNewY%
                    iZ% = iNewZ%
                    
                    ' FOR MULTIPLAYER WE WOULD USE:
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).x = iNewX%
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).y = iNewY%
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).z = iNewZ%
                    
                END IF
                
                ' CYCLE COLOR
                IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1 > 0 THEN
                    m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 + 1
                    IF m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 > m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeSpeed1 THEN
                        m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorSchemeCount1 = 0
                        DoCycleColor m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).ColorScheme1, m_arrPlayer(iPlayerLoop).Color1
                    END IF
                END IF
                
            NEXT iPlayerLoop
            
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            ' END PLAYER LOOP
            ' ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
            
        _Limit 30
        _Display
        
        Loop
    END IF
    
CleanupAndExit:
    ' FINISH UP AND EXIT
    WHILE _DEVICEINPUT(1): WEND ' clear and update the keyboard buffer
    SCREEN 0
    IsometricDraw1$ = sResult
End Sub ' IsometricDraw1$
 
 
 
 
 
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' =============================================================================
' LET'S GET THE COORDINATES STRAIGHT!
' Coordinates are m_arrMap(x,y,z)
'           ________________
'          /|e            /|e
'         / |            / |
'        /  |           /  |z-axis
'       /   |          /   |
'      /    /---------/----/ 
'     /    / a       /   b/  
'    /    /         /    /         
'   |--------------|    /  
'   |f  /         g|   / y-axis
'   |  /           |  /
'   | /            | /
'   |/c           d|/
'   ----------------
'      x-axis
' 
' POINT    ( X, Y, Z)
' a        ( 0, 0, 0)
' b        (32, 0, 0)
' c        ( 0,32, 0)
' d        (32,32, 0)
' e        ( 0, 0,32)
' f        ( 0,32,32)
' g        (32,32,32)
' =============================================================================
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE MAP TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
Sub ClearIsometricMap
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearIsometricMap"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearIsometricMap
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE RENDERING MAP #1 TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrRender1(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub ClearRenderMap1
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearRenderMap1"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearRenderMap1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' INITIALIZE RENDERING MAP #2 TO EMPTY
 
' Requires shared global variable:
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub ClearRenderMap2
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ClearRenderMap2"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Empty
                m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' ClearRenderMap2
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Determine which squares are visible in isometric map
 
' Original operates directly on the main map array m_arrMap
' and not the copy (m_arrRender2) used to rotate the perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable (3D array of map):
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' RECEIVES:
' iX% = player's X positon
' iY% = player's Y position
' iZ% = player's Z position
 
' Direction is assumed to be c_iDir_Forward.
 
' If iX% < 0 then we just render everything with its normal alpha value.
 
Sub ComputeVisible (iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ComputeVisible"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    Dim iPX1%
    Dim iPY1%
    Dim iPZ1%
    Dim iPlayer2Dx As Integer
    Dim iPlayer2Dy As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dx As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dy As Integer
    
    IF iX% > -1 THEN
        ' CALCULATE PLAYER'S 2-D POSITION
        iPX1% = iX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
        iPY1% = iY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
        iPZ1% = iZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
        iPlayer2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
        iPlayer2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
        
        ' LOOK AT EACH TILE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' IF SPACE HAS A TILE
                    ' AND ITS 2D (X,Y) IS > PLAYER'S 2D (X,Y)
                    ' THEN MAKE THE TILE TRANSPARENT
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' TODO: COMPARE AGAINST ALL TYPES OF TILES NOT JUST WALL/FLOOR
                    If m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall OR m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                        ' CALCULATE TILE'S 2-D POSITION
                        iPX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                        iPY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                        iPZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                        iTile2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
                        iTile2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
                        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
                        
                        'If iLoopZ% >= iZ% Then
                            'If iLoopX% >= iX% Then
                                
                                ' FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER
                                If iLoopY% > iY% Then
                                    
                                    ' IF PLAYER'S 2D Y POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D Y POSITION
                                    If ( iPlayer2Dy >= (iTile2Dy - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dy <= (iTile2Dy + iGridSize) ) Then
                                        
                                        ' AND IF PLAYER'S 2D X POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D X POSITION
                                        If ( iPlayer2Dx >= (iTile2Dx - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dx <= (iTile2Dx + iGridSize) ) Then
                                            ' RENDER THE TILE TRANSPARENT SO WE CAN SEE THE PLAYER
                                            ' TODO: CHANGE AlphaOverride TO BE RELATIVE TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 86
                                        Else
                                            ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                            ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                        End If
                                    Else
                                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                        ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                    End If
                                Else
                                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                    ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                End If
                            'End If
                        'End If
                    Else
                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                        ' TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                        m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    End If
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    ELSE
        ' JUST MAKE ALL TILES VISIBLE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                    m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    
                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                    'm_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                    
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    END IF
End Sub ' ComputeVisible
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Determine which squares are visible in isometric map
 
' Same as ComputeVisible except uses the rotated copy 
' (m_arrRender2 instead of m_arrMap)
 
' Requires shared global variable (3D array of map):
' m_arrRender2(x,y,z) = rotated copy of 3D array map of world
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' RECEIVES:
' iX% = player's X positon
' iY% = player's Y position
' iZ% = player's Z position
 
' If iX% < 0 then we just render everything with its normal alpha value.
 
' TODO: FIX FOR c_iDir_Down and c_iDir_Up DIRECTIONS
'       "FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER" SECTION BELOW
'       NEEDS TO LOOK AT Z AXIS INSTEAD OF Y ?
 
Sub ComputeRenderVisible (iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "ComputeRenderVisible"
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    
    Dim iPX1%
    Dim iPY1%
    Dim iPZ1%
    Dim iPlayer2Dx As Integer
    Dim iPlayer2Dy As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dx As Integer
    Dim iTile2Dy As Integer
    
    IF iX% > -1 THEN
        ' CALCULATE PLAYER'S 2-D POSITION
        iPX1% = iX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
        iPY1% = iY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
        iPZ1% = iZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
        iPlayer2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
        iPlayer2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
        
        ' LOOK AT EACH TILE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' IF SPACE HAS A TILE
                    ' AND ITS 2D (X,Y) IS > PLAYER'S 2D (X,Y)
                    ' THEN MAKE THE TILE TRANSPARENT
                    ' *****************************************************************************
                    ' TODO: COMPARE AGAINST ALL TYPES OF TILES NOT JUST WALL/FLOOR
                    If m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall OR m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                        ' CALCULATE TILE'S 2-D POSITION
                        iPX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                        iPY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                        iPZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                        iTile2Dx = CX2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetX
                        iTile2Dy = (CY2I(iPX1%, iPY1%) + cScreenOffsetY) - iPZ1%
                        'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)    
                        
                        'If iLoopZ% >= iZ% Then
                            'If iLoopX% >= iX% Then
                                
                                ' FOR TILES FORWARD OF PLAYER
                                If iLoopY% > iY% Then
                                    
                                    ' IF PLAYER'S 2D Y POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D Y POSITION
                                    If ( iPlayer2Dy >= (iTile2Dy - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dy <= (iTile2Dy + iGridSize) ) Then
                                        
                                        ' AND IF PLAYER'S 2D X POSITION IS WITHIN RANGE OF TILE'S 2D X POSITION
                                        If ( iPlayer2Dx >= (iTile2Dx - iGridSize) ) AND ( iPlayer2Dx <= (iTile2Dx + iGridSize) ) Then
                                            ' RENDER THE TILE TRANSPARENT SO WE CAN SEE THE PLAYER
                                            'TODO: CHANGE AlphaOverride TO BE RELATIVE TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE?
                                            m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 86
                                        Else
                                            ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                            m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                            
                                            'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                            'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                            'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                        End If
                                    Else
                                        ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                        
                                        'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                        'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                        'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                    End If
                                Else
                                    ' LEAVE THE TILE OPAQUE
                                    m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                                    
                                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                                    'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                                End If
                            'End If
                        'End If
                    Else
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                        
                        'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                        'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                    End If
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    ELSE
        ' JUST MAKE ALL TILES VISIBLE
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                    m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = 255
                    
                    'TODO: CHANGE 255 TO ORIGINAL Alpha VALUE
                    'TODO: SUPPORT CUSTOM ALPHA FOR COLORS (EVENTUALLY 3-COLOR TILES .Alpha1, .Alpha2, .Alpha3)
                    'm_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Alpha1
                Next iLoopZ%
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    END IF
End Sub ' ComputeRenderVisible
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective
' from the forward (default) perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' TODO: ADD OFFSET PARAMETERS FOR WHERE TO DRAW ON SCREEN (FOR SPLIT SCREEN)
' params instead of constants:
' Const cScreenOffsetX = 500 ' 450
' Const cScreenOffsetY = 300 ' 50
' Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' what about?
' Const cGridOffsetX = 50
' Const cGridOffsetY = 50
' Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
 
Sub DrawIsometricScreen(iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawIsometricScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    alpha& = 255
    bTile = FALSE
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                
                ' CALCULATE POSITION
                iPosZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                iPosX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                iPosY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
                iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
                
                ' DETERMINE COLOR
                If m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If bTile = TRUE Then
                        iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                        bTile = FALSE
                    Else
                        iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                        bTile = TRUE
                    End If
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 Then
                    iColor = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Water Then
                    'TODO: transparent for water
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                ElseIf m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Window Then
                    'TODO: transparent for windows
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                Else
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                End If
                
                ' PLOT NEXT TILE
                If iColor <> cEmpty& Then
                    'IsoLine3D(x,      y,       x2,      y2,      z,       iHeight,     xoffset,        yoffset,        iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
                    'IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, m_iGridSize, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                    IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                End If
                
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' DrawIsometricScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective.
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrRender2(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrRender2(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
Sub DrawRenderScreen(iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawRenderScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    alpha& = 255
    bTile = FALSE
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                
                ' CALCULATE POSITION
                iPosZ1% = iLoopZ% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetZ
                iPosX1% = iLoopX% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetX
                iPosY1% = iLoopY% * iGridSize + cGridOffsetY
                iPosX2% = iPosX1% + iGridSize
                iPosY2% = iPosY1% + iGridSize
                
                ' DETERMINE COLOR
                If m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If bTile = TRUE Then
                        iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                        bTile = FALSE
                    Else
                        iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                        bTile = TRUE
                    End If
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Wall Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).AlphaOverride
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player1 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player2 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player3 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Player4 Then
                    iColor = m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                    alpha& = 255
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Water Then
                    'TODO: transparent for water
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                ElseIf m_arrRender2(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ = c_iTile_Window Then
                    'TODO: transparent for windows
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                    alpha& = 64
                    
                Else
                    iColor = cEmpty&
                End If
                
                ' PLOT NEXT TILE
                If iColor <> cEmpty& Then
                    'IsoLine3D(x,      y,       x2,      y2,      z,       iHeight,     xoffset,        yoffset,        iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
                    'IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, m_iGridSize, cScreenOffsetX, cScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                    IsoLine3D iPosX1%, iPosY1%, iPosX2%, iPosY2%, iPosZ1%, iGridSize, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iColor, alpha&
                End If
                
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
End Sub ' DrawRenderScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Draw the map in 3D Isometic Perspective
' from a different direction.
 
' This is the lazy man's version which simply copies the tiles to 
' a temporary array, rotated to the specified direction/orientation.
' A more efficient + faster method would operate directly on the 
' main array, but I am too bogged down to figure that out right now!
 
' RECEIVES:
' iDirection% = point of view to render from
'     i.e. the direction we are looking at the scene FROM
'     iDirection% can be one of the following:
'     c_iDir_Down
'     c_iDir_Up
'     c_iDir_Left
'     c_iDir_Right
'     c_iDir_Back
'     c_iDir_Forward = default
'     
'     If iDirection% = c_iDir_Forward, just call DrawIsometricScreen instead (faster).
' 
' iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY = where on display to draw
'
' iX%, iY%, iZ% = player's position, used for ComputeRenderVisible
'     to compute which tiles to hide / make transparent
'     (tiles that might be hiding the player)
'     If these are <0, then ComputeRenderVisible uses original alpha values.
 
' TODO: ADD OFFSET PARAMETERS FOR WHERE TO DRAW ON SCREEN (FOR SPLIT SCREEN)
' params instead of constants:
' Const cScreenOffsetX = 500 ' 450
' Const cScreenOffsetY = 300 ' 50
' Const cScreenOffsetZ = 0
 
' what about?
' Const cGridOffsetX = 50
' Const cGridOffsetY = 50
' Const cGridOffsetZ = 0
 
' TODO: player layer
' m_iPlayerCount
' shared for current player #?
' first copy world and superimpose player coords?
 
Sub DrawScreen(iDirection%, iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize, iX%, iY%, iZ%)
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "DrawScreen"
    Dim bTile As Integer
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iColor As _Unsigned Long
    Dim iPosX1%
    Dim iPosX2%
    Dim iPosY1%
    Dim iPosY2%
    Dim iPosZ1%
    Dim alpha&
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' USE FIRST TEMPORARY ARRAY TO STORE SCENE OVERLAID WITH PLAYERS + OBJECTS
    
    ' CLEAR THE MAP (NECESSARY?)
    ClearRenderMap1
    
    ' FIRST COPY THE MAP
    For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
        For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
            For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                'm_arrRender1(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                CopyMapTile m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%), m_arrRender1(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%)
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
    
    ' NEXT COPY THE PLAYERS
    For iLoopX% = m_iPlayerMin To m_iPlayerCount
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Typ = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Tile1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Color1 = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Color1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).Alpha1 = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).Alpha1
        m_arrRender1(m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).x,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).y,m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).z).AlphaOverride = m_arrPlayer(iLoopX%).AlphaOverride
    Next iLoopX%
    
    ' NEXT COPY THE OBJECTS
    ' (TO DO WHEN WE HAVE OBJECTS)
    
    ' =============================================================================
    ' USE SECOND TEMPORARY ARRAY TO STORE ROTATED SCENE THEN DRAW IT
    
    ' CLEAR THE MAP (NECESSARY?)
    ClearRenderMap2
    
    ' COPY TILES, ROTATED TO DESIRED VIEWING PERSPECTIVE / ANGLE
    SELECT CASE iDirection%
        CASE c_iDir_Down:
            ' SCENE IS FLIPPED UP (TOP FACE NOW FACING AWAY FROM US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,m_iMapMaxZ-iLoopZ%,iLoopY%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, m_iMapMaxZ-iZ%, iY%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Up:
            ' SCENE IS FLIPPED DOWN (TOP FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,iLoopZ%,m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, iZ%, m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Left:
            ' SCENE IS ROTATED COUNTER CLOCKWISE FROM TOP (LEFT FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopY%,m_iMapMaxX-iLoopX%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iY%, m_iMapMaxX-iX%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Right:
            ' SCENE IS ROTATED CLOCKWISE FROM TOP (RIGHT FACE NOW FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%,iLoopX%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iX%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE c_iDir_Back:
            ' SCENE IS TURNED AROUND (FRONT FACE NOW FACING AWAY FROM US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(m_iMapMaxX-iLoopX%,m_iMapMaxY-iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible m_iMapMaxX-iX%, m_iMapMaxY-iY%, iZ%, iGridSize
        CASE ELSE: ' c_iDir_Forward
            ' FOR ALL OTHER CASES WE JUST DRAW FORWARD (FACING TOWARD US)
            For iLoopZ% = m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ
                For iLoopX% = m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX
                    For iLoopY% = m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY
                        m_arrRender2(iLoopX%,iLoopY%,iLoopZ%) = m_arrRender1(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%)
                    Next iLoopY%
                Next iLoopX%
            Next iLoopZ%
            ComputeRenderVisible iX%, iY%, iZ%, iGridSize
    END SELECT
    DrawRenderScreen iScreenOffsetX, iScreenOffsetY, iGridSize
End Sub ' DrawScreen
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Copies a MapTileType user defined type variable, member by member
' (not sure if you can just do MyUDT1 = MyUDT2?)
 
Sub CopyMapTile(SourceMap As MapTileType, DestMap As MapTileType)
    DestMap.Typ = SourceMap.Typ
    DestMap.Color1 = SourceMap.Color1
    DestMap.Color2 = SourceMap.Color2
    DestMap.Color3 = SourceMap.Color3
    DestMap.Alpha1 = SourceMap.Alpha1
    DestMap.Alpha2 = SourceMap.Alpha2
    DestMap.Alpha3 = SourceMap.Alpha3
    DestMap.AlphaOverride = SourceMap.AlphaOverride
End Sub ' CopyMapTile
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' RETURNS MAP AS TEXT
 
' Requires shared global variable
' m_arrMap(x,y,z) = 3D array map of world
' m_arrMap(m_iMapMinX To m_iMapMaxX, m_iMapMinY To m_iMapMaxY, m_iMapMinZ To m_iMapMaxZ) As MapTileType
 
' USAGE:
'Input "See a text dump (y/n)? ", in$
'If LCase$(in$) = LCase$("y") Then
'    Print MapToText$
'End If
 
Function MapToText$
    Dim RoutineName As String: RoutineName = "MapToText$"
    Dim sResult As String
    Dim iLoopX%
    Dim iLoopY%
    Dim iLoopZ%
    Dim iMinX%
    Dim iMaxX%
    Dim iMinY%
    Dim iMaxY%
    Dim iMinZ%
    Dim iMaxZ%
    Dim sLine As String
    Dim iType%
    Dim iColor1&
    Dim iColor2&
    Dim iColor3&
    Dim in$
 
    sResult = ""
 
    ' FIND USED BOUNDARIES OF MAP
    iMinX% = -1
    iMaxX% = -1
    iMinY% = -1
    iMaxY% = -1
    iMinZ% = -1
    iMaxZ% = -1
    For iLoopZ% = 0 To 32
        For iLoopX% = 0 To 32
            For iLoopY% = 0 To 32
                iType% = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ
                If iType% <> c_iTile_Empty And iType% <> c_iTile_Floor Then
                    If iMinX% = -1 Then
                        iMinX% = iLoopX%
                    End If
                    If iMinY% = -1 Then
                        iMinY% = iLoopY%
                    End If
                    If iMinZ% = -1 Then
                        iMinZ% = iLoopZ%
                    End If
                    If iLoopX% > iMaxX% Then
                        iMaxX% = iLoopX%
                    End If
                    If iLoopY% > iMaxY% Then
                        iMaxY% = iLoopY%
                    End If
                    If iLoopZ% > iMaxZ% Then
                        iMaxZ% = iLoopZ%
                    End If
                End If
            Next iLoopY%
        Next iLoopX%
    Next iLoopZ%
 
    ' GENERATE OUTPUT
    For iLoopZ% = iMinZ% To iMaxZ%
        sResult = sResult + "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------" + Chr$(13)
        sResult = sResult + "Map Z=" + cstr$(iLoopZ%) + ":" + Chr$(13)
        sResult = sResult + "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------" + Chr$(13)
        For iLoopY% = iMinY% To iMaxY%
            sLine = ""
            For iLoopX% = iMinX% To iMaxX%
                iType% = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Typ
                iColor1& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color1
                iColor2& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color2
                iColor3& = m_arrMap(iLoopX%, iLoopY%, iLoopZ%).Color3
                
                If iType% = c_iTile_Empty Then
                    sLine = sLine + " "
                Else
                    If iColor1& = cEmpty& Then
                        sLine = sLine + " "
                    Else
                        sLine = sLine + "#"
                    End If
                End If
            Next iLoopX%
            sResult = sResult + sLine + Chr$(13)
        Next iLoopY%
 
        sResult = sResult + Chr$(13)
    Next iLoopZ%
 
    MapToText$ = sResult
End Function ' MapToText$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Return string description for 2.5D movement constants
 
FUNCTION GetDirection$(iDir AS INTEGER)
    DIM sDir AS STRING
    SELECT CASE iDir
        CASE c_iDir_Down:
            sDir = "Down"
        CASE c_iDir_Up:
            sDir = "Up"
        CASE c_iDir_Left:
            sDir = "Left"
        CASE c_iDir_Right:
            sDir = "Right"
        CASE c_iDir_Back:
            sDir = "Back"
        CASE c_iDir_Forward:
            sDir = "Forward"
        CASE ELSE:
            sDir = "Unknown"
    END SELECT
    GetDirection$ = sDir
END FUNCTION ' GetDirection$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CX2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian X To Isometic coordinates
    CX2I = x - y
End Function ' CX2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function CY2I (x As Long, y As Long) 'Convert Cartesian Y To Isometic coordinates
    CY2I = (x + y) / 2
End Function ' CY2I
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' since we're drawing a diamond and not a square box, we can't use Line BF.
' We have to manually down the 4 points of the line.
 
Sub IsoLine (x, y, x2, y2, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), iColor
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), iColor
    Paint (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + 4), iColor 'and fill the diamond solid
    Line (CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset)-(CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
    Line -(CX2I(x, y) + xoffset, CY2I(x, y) + yoffset), &HFFFFFFFF
End Sub ' IsoLine
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Like IsoLine, we're going to have to draw our lines manually.
' only in this case, we also need a Z coordinate to tell us how
' THICK/TALL/HIGH to make our tile
 
' MODIFIED by madscijr to draw a single tile of height iHeight at Z axis
' MODIFIED by madscijr to accept an alpha& value to control transparency (where 0=fully transparent, 255=opaque)
 
''Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
'Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long)
Sub IsoLine3D (x, y, x2, y2, z, iHeight, xoffset, yoffset, iColor As _Unsigned Long, alpha&)
    dim r 'as integer
    dim g 'as integer
    dim b 'as integer
    
    r = _Red32(iColor)
    g = _Green32(iColor)
    b = _Blue32(iColor)
    
    If m_bTesting = TRUE Then
                _Echo "IsoLine3D"
                _Echo "    x=" + cstr$(x)
                _Echo "    y=" + cstr$(y)
                _Echo "    x2=" + cstr$(x2)
                _Echo "    y2=" + cstr$(y2)
                _Echo "    z=" + cstr$(z)
                _Echo "    iHeight=" + cstr$(iHeight)
                _Echo "    xoffset=" + cstr$(xoffset)
                _Echo "    yoffset=" + cstr$(yoffset)
                _Echo "    iColor=" + cstrul$(iColor)
                _Echo "    alpha&=" + cstrl$(alpha&)
                _Echo "    r=" + cstr$(r)
                _Echo "    g=" + cstr$(g)
                _Echo "    b=" + cstr$(b)
                _Echo "    _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)=" + cstrul$(_RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&))
        End If
        
        ' Let's just do all the math first this time.
    ' We need to turn those 4 normal points into 4 isometric points (x, y, x1, y1)
    TempX1 = CX2I(x, y) + xoffset
    TempY1 = CY2I(x, y) + yoffset
    TempX2 = CX2I(x2, y) + xoffset
    TempY2 = CY2I(x2, y) + yoffset
    TempX3 = CX2I(x2, y2) + xoffset
    TempY3 = CY2I(x2, y2) + yoffset
    TempX4 = CX2I(x, y2) + xoffset
    TempY4 = CY2I(x, y2) + yoffset
    
    ' The top
    'fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, iColor
    fquad TempX1, TempY1 - z, TempX2, TempY2 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z, _RGB32(r, g, b, alpha&)
    
    If z <> 0 Then
        ' TODO: maybe change which sides gets shaded depending on the direction of the light source?
        
        ' draw the left side, shaded 75%
        'fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b)
        fquad TempX4, TempY4 - z, TempX4, TempY4 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX3, TempY3 - z, _RGB32(.75 * r, .75 * g, .75 * b, alpha&)
        
        ' draw the right side,s haded 50%
        'fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b)
        fquad TempX3, TempY3 - z, TempX3, TempY3 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z + iHeight, TempX2, TempY2 - z, _RGB32(.5 * r, .5 * g, .5 * b, alpha&)
    Else
        ' no need to draw any height, if there isn't any.
    End If
End Sub ' IsoLine3D
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' found at abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website
' don’t go there: http://www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there]/forum/index.php?topic=14425.0
 
Sub ftri (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Dim a&
 
    D = _Dest
    a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    _Dest a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
    _FreeImage a& ' <<< this is important!
End Sub ' ftri
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' 2019-11-20 Steve saves some time with STATIC
' and saves and restores last dest
 
Sub ftri1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K As _Unsigned Long)
    Dim D As Long
    Static a&
 
    D = _Dest
    If a& = 0 Then
        a& = _NewImage(1, 1, 32)
    End If
    _Dest a&
    _DontBlend a&
    PSet (0, 0), K
    _Blend a&
    _Dest D
    _MapTriangle _Seamless(0, 0)-(0, 0)-(0, 0), a& To(x1, y1)-(x2, y2)-(x3, y3)
End Sub ' ftri1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' original fill quad that may be at fault using Steve's fTri version
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line) list them clockwise
' so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad1 (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri1 x1, y1, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
    ftri1 x3, y3, x2, y2, x4, y4, K
End Sub ' fquad1
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' update 2019-12-16 needs orig fTri
' need 4 non linear points (not all on 1 line)
' list them clockwise so x2, y2 is opposite of x4, y4
 
Sub fquad (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, K As _Unsigned Long)
    ftri x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, K
    ftri x3, y3, x4, y4, x1, y1, K
End Sub ' fquad
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (SOLID)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
 
'SUB DrawBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor%)
SUB DrawBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor&)
    LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor&, BF ' Draw a solid box
    'LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor%, BF ' Draw a solid box
    'LINE (60, 60)-(130, 100), iColor%, B ' Draw a box outline
END SUB ' DrawBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE)
' https://www.qb64.org/wiki/LINE
 
' The style parameter 0-255 doesn't seemt to have a solid line?
 
'SUB DrawStyledOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor%, iStyle%)
SUB DrawStyledOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize%, iColor&, iStyle%)
    ' LINE [STEP] [(column1, row1)]-[STEP] (column2, row2), color[, [{B|BF}], style%]
    ' B creates a box outline with each side parallel to the program screen sides. BF creates a filled box.
    ' The style% signed INTEGER value sets a dotted pattern to draw the line or rectangle outline.
    
    LINE (iX%, iY%)-(iX% + iSize%, iY% + iSize%), iColor&, B, iStyle%
END SUB ' DrawStyledOutlineBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DRAW A 2-D BOX (OUTLINE) WITH A SOLID LINE
 
SUB DrawOutlineBox (iX%, iY%, iSize2%, iColor&, iWeight2%)
    Dim iFromX%
    Dim iFromY%
    Dim iToX%
    Dim iToY%
    iSize% = iSize2% - 1
    iWeight% = iWeight2% - 1
    IF iWeight% = 0 THEN
        ' TOP LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' BOTTOM LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' LEFT LINE
        iFromX% = iX%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        
        ' RIGHT LINE
        iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
        iFromY% = iY%
        iToX% = iX% + iSize%
        iToY% = iY% + iSize%
        LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
    ELSEIF iWeight% > 0 THEN
        ' TOP LINE
        FOR iFromY% = iY% TO (iY% + iWeight%)
            iFromX% = iX%
            'iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iX% + iSize%
            iToY% = iFromY%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromY%
        
        ' BOTTOM LINE
        FOR iFromY% = ((iY% + iSize%) - iWeight%) TO (iY% + iSize%)
            iFromX% = iX%
            'iFromY% = iY% + iSize%
            iToX% = iX% + iSize%
            iToY% = iFromY%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromY%
        
        ' LEFT LINE
        FOR iFromX% = iX% TO (iX% + iWeight%)
            'iFromX% = iX%
            iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iFromX%
            iToY% = iY% + iSize%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromX%
        
        ' RIGHT LINE
        FOR iFromX% = ((iX% + iSize%) - iWeight%) TO (iX% + iSize%)
            'iFromX% = iX% + iSize%
            iFromY% = iY%
            iToX% = iFromX%
            iToY% = iY% + iSize%
            LINE (iFromX%, iFromY%)-(iToX%, iToY%), iColor&, BF
        NEXT iFromX%
    END IF
END SUB ' DrawOutlineBox
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function GetPaletteFromColor%(iColor&)
    SELECT CASE iColor&
        CASE cEmpty&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 0
        CASE cBlack&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 1
        CASE cDarkGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 2
        CASE cDimGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 3
        CASE cGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 4
        CASE cLightGray&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 5
        CASE cSilver&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 6
        CASE cWhite&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 7
        CASE cRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 8
        CASE cOrangeRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 9
        CASE cDarkOrange&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 10
        CASE cOrange&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 11
        CASE cGold&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 12
        CASE cYellow&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 13
        CASE cOliveDrab1&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 14
        CASE cLime&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 15
        CASE cMediumSpringGreen&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 16
        CASE cCyan&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 17
        CASE cDeepSkyBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 18
        CASE cDodgerBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 19
        CASE cSeaBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 20
        CASE cBlue&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 21
        CASE cBluePurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 22
        CASE cDeepPurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 23
        CASE cPurple&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 24
        CASE cPurpleRed&:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 25
        CASE ELSE:
            GetPaletteFromColor% = 0
    END SELECT
End Function ' GetPaletteFromColor%
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN GENERAL PURPOSE FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstr$ (myValue)
    'cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstr$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstr$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrul$ (myValue As _Unsigned Long)
    cstrul$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrul$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrl$ (myValue As Long)
    cstrl$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrl$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function cstrs$ (myValue As Single)
    ''cstr$ = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(myValue)))
    cstrs$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrs$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IIF (Condition, IfTrue, IfFalse)
    If Condition Then IIF = IfTrue Else IIF = IfFalse
End Function
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Function IIFSTR$ (Condition, IfTrue$, IfFalse$)
    If Condition Then IIFSTR$ = IfTrue$ Else IIFSTR$ = IfFalse$
End Function
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
 
' Returns the 8-bit binary representation
' of an integer iInput where 0 <= iInput <= 255
 
Function GetBinary$ (iInput1 As Integer)
    Dim sResult As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iInput As Integer: iInput = iInput1
 
    sResult = ""
 
    If iInput >= 0 And iInput <= 255 Then
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            sResult = LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iInput Mod 2))) + sResult
            iInput = iInput \ 2
            'If iLoop = 4 Then sResult = " " + sResult
        Next iLoop
    End If
 
    GetBinary$ = sResult
End Function ' GetBinary$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' wonderfully inefficient way to read if a bit is set
' ival = GetBit256%(int we are comparing, int containing the bits we want to read)
 
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
 
Function GetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer)
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim sNum As String
    Dim sBit As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim bContinue As Integer
    'DIM iTemp AS INTEGER
    Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
    Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
 
    iResult = FALSE
    bContinue = TRUE
 
    If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
        sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
        sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
                'if any of the bits in iBit are false, return false
                If Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1) = "0" Then
                    iResult = FALSE
                    bContinue = FALSE
                    Exit For
                End If
            End If
        Next iLoop
        If bContinue = TRUE Then
            iResult = TRUE
        End If
    End If
 
    GetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' GetBit256%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' From: Bitwise Manipulations By Steven Roman
' http://www.romanpress.com/Articles/Bitwise_R/Bitwise.htm
 
' Returns the integer that corresponds to a binary string of length 8
 
Function GetIntegerFromBinary% (sBinary1 As String)
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim strBinary As String
    Dim sBinary As String: sBinary = sBinary1
 
    iResult = 0
    strBinary = Replace$(sBinary, " ", "") ' Remove any spaces
    For iLoop = 0 To Len(strBinary) - 1
        iResult = iResult + 2 ^ iLoop * Val(Mid$(strBinary, Len(strBinary) - iLoop, 1))
    Next iLoop
 
    GetIntegerFromBinary% = iResult
End Function ' GetIntegerFromBinary%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
 
Function IsEven% (n)
    IF n MOD 2 = 0 THEN
        IsEven% = TRUE
    Else
        IsEven% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsEven%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' https://slaystudy.com/qbasic-program-to-check-if-number-is-even-or-odd/
 
Function IsOdd% (n)
    IF n MOD 2 = 1 THEN
        IsOdd% = TRUE
    Else
        IsOdd% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsOdd%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' By sMcNeill from https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.0
 
Function IsNum% (text$)
    Dim a$
    Dim b$
    a$ = _Trim$(text$)
    b$ = _Trim$(Str$(Val(text$)))
    If a$ = b$ Then
        IsNum% = TRUE
    Else
        IsNum% = FALSE
    End If
End Function ' IsNum%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
 
'Combine all elements of in$() into a single string with delimiter$ separating the elements.
 
Function join$ (in$(), delimiter$)
    result$ = in$(LBound(in$))
    For i = LBound(in$) + 1 To UBound(in$)
        result$ = result$ + delimiter$ + in$(i)
    Next i
    join$ = result$
End Function ' join$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' ABS was returning strange values with type LONG
' so I created this which does not.
 
Function LongABS& (lngValue As Long)
    If Sgn(lngValue) = -1 Then
        LongABS& = 0 - lngValue
    Else
        LongABS& = lngValue
    End If
End Function ' LongABS&
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Re: Does a Is Number function exist in QB64?
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=896.15
 
' MWheatley
' « Reply #18 on: January 01, 2019, 11:24:30 AM »
 
' returns 1 if string is an integer, 0 if not
Function IsNumber (text$)
    Dim i As Integer
 
    IsNumber = 1
    For i = 1 To Len(text$)
        If Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) < 45 Or Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) >= 58 Then
            IsNumber = 0
            Exit For
        ElseIf Asc(Mid$(text$, i, 1)) = 47 Then
            IsNumber = 0
            Exit For
        End If
    Next i
End Function ' IsNumber
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' iNum% = PromptForIntegerInRange%("Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit).", 1, 4, 0)
 
Function PromptForIntegerInRange% (sPrompt$, iMin%, iMax%, iDefault%)
    Dim iValue%
    Dim bFinished%
    Dim sPrompt1$
    Dim in$
 
    If Len(sPrompt$) > 0 Then
        sPrompt1$ = sPrompt$
    Else
        sPrompt1$ = "Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit)."
    End If
 
    sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{min}", cstr$(iMin%))
    sPrompt1$ = Replace$(sPrompt1$, "{max}", cstr$(iMax%))
 
    bFinished% = FALSE
    Do
        Print sPrompt1$
 
        Input in$
        in$ = _Trim$(in$)
        If Len(in$) > 0 Then
            If IsNumber(in$) Then
                iValue% = Val(in$)
                If iValue% >= iMin% And iValue% <= iMax% Then
                    'bFinished% = TRUE
                    Exit Do
                Else
                    Print "Number out of range."
                    Print
                End If
            Else
                Print "Not a valid number."
                Print
            End If
        Else
            iValue% = iDefault%
            Exit Do
            'bFinished% = TRUE
        End If
    Loop Until bFinished% = TRUE
 
    PromptForIntegerInRange% = iValue%
End Function ' PromptForIntegerInRange%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' iNum& = PromptForLongInRange&("Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit).", 1, 4, 0)
 
Function PromptForLongInRange& (sPrompt$, iMin&, iMax&, iDefault&)
    Dim iValue&
    Dim bFinished&
    Dim sPrompt1$
    Dim in$
    
    bFinished& = FALSE
    Do
        If Len(sPrompt$) > 0 Then
            sPrompt1$ = sPrompt$
        Else
            sPrompt1$ = "Please type a number between {min} and {max} (or blank to quit)."
        End If
        
        sPrompt1$ = Replace$ (sPrompt1$, "{min}", cstrl$(iMin&))
        sPrompt1$ = Replace$ (sPrompt1$, "{max}", cstrl$(iMax&))
        
        Input in$
        in$ = _Trim$(in$)
        If Len(in$) > 0 Then
            If IsNumber(in$) Then
                iValue& = Val(in$)
                If iValue& >= iMin& And iValue& <= iMax& Then
                    bFinished& = TRUE
                Else
                    Print "Number out of range."
                    Print
                End If
            Else
                Print "Not a valid number."
                Print
            End If
        Else
            iValue& = iDefault&
            bFinished& = TRUE
        End If
    Loop Until bFinished&
    
    PromptForLongInRange& = iValue&
End Function ' PromptForLongInRange&
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Returns blank if successful else returns error message.
 
Function PrintFile$ (sFileName As String, sText As String, bAppend As Integer)
    'x = 1: y = 2: z$ = "Three"
 
    Dim sError As String: sError = ""
 
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        If (bAppend = TRUE) Then
            If _FileExists(sFileName) Then
                Open sFileName For Append As #1 ' opens an existing file for appending
            Else
                sError = "Error in PrintFile$ : File not found. Cannot append."
            End If
        Else
            Open sFileName For Output As #1 ' opens and clears an existing file or creates new empty file
        End If
    End If
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        ' WRITE places text in quotes in the file
        'WRITE #1, x, y, z$
        'WRITE #1, sText
 
        ' PRINT does not put text inside quotes
        Print #1, sText
 
        Close #1
 
        'PRINT "File created with data. Press a key!"
        'K$ = INPUT$(1) 'press a key
 
        'OPEN sFileName FOR INPUT AS #2 ' opens a file to read it
        'INPUT #2, a, b, c$
        'CLOSE #2
 
        'PRINT a, b, c$
        'WRITE a, b, c$
    End If
 
    PrintFile$ = sError
End Function ' PrintFile$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Generate random value between Min and Max.
Function RandomNumber% (Min%, Max%)
    Dim NumSpread%
 
    ' SET RANDOM SEED
    'Randomize ' Initialize random-number generator.
    Randomize Timer
 
    ' GET RANDOM # Min%-Max%
    'RandomNumber = Int((Max * Rnd) + Min) ' generate number
 
    NumSpread% = (Max% - Min%) + 1
 
    RandomNumber% = Int(Rnd * NumSpread%) + Min% ' GET RANDOM # BETWEEN Max% AND Min%
 
End Function ' RandomNumber%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub RandomNumberTest
    Dim iCols As Integer: iCols = 10
    Dim iRows As Integer: iRows = 20
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim iX As Integer
    Dim iY As Integer
    Dim sError As String
    Dim sFileName As String
    Dim sText As String
    Dim bAppend As Integer
    Dim iMin As Integer
    Dim iMax As Integer
    Dim iNum As Integer
    Dim iErrorCount As Integer
    Dim sInput$
 
    sFileName = "c:\temp\maze_test_1.txt"
    sText = "Count" + Chr$(9) + "Min" + Chr$(9) + "Max" + Chr$(9) + "Random"
    bAppend = FALSE
    sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
    If Len(sError) = 0 Then
        bAppend = TRUE
        iErrorCount = 0
 
        iMin = 0
        iMax = iCols - 1
        For iLoop = 1 To 100
            iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
            sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
            sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
            If Len(sError) > 0 Then
                iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
                Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
                Print "    " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
                Print "    " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
                Print "    " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
                Print "    " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
                Print "    " + sError
            End If
        Next iLoop
 
        iMin = 0
        iMax = iRows - 1
        For iLoop = 1 To 100
            iNum = RandomNumber%(iMin, iMax)
            sText = Str$(iLoop) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMin) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iMax) + Chr$(9) + Str$(iNum)
            sError = PrintFile$(sFileName, sText, bAppend)
            If Len(sError) > 0 Then
                iErrorCount = iErrorCount + 1
                Print Str$(iLoop) + ". ERROR"
                Print "    " + "iMin=" + Str$(iMin)
                Print "    " + "iMax=" + Str$(iMax)
                Print "    " + "iNum=" + Str$(iNum)
                Print "    " + "Could not write to file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
                Print "    " + sError
            End If
        Next iLoop
 
        Print "Finished generating numbers. Errors: " + Str$(iErrorCount)
    Else
        Print "Error creating file " + Chr$(34) + sFileName + Chr$(34) + "."
        Print sError
    End If
 
    Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", sInput$
End Sub ' RandomNumberTest
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' FROM: String Manipulation
' http://www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there]/forum/index_topic_5964-0/
'
'SUMMARY:
'   Purpose:  A library of custom functions that transform strings.
'   Author:   Dustinian Camburides (dustinian@gmail.com)
'   Platform: QB64 (www.[abandoned, outdated and now likely malicious qb64 dot net website - don’t go there])
'   Revision: 1.6
'   Updated:  5/28/2012
 
'SUMMARY:
'[Replace$] replaces all instances of the [Find] sub-string with the [Add] sub-string within the [Text] string.
'INPUT:
'Text: The input string; the text that's being manipulated.
'Find: The specified sub-string; the string sought within the [Text] string.
'Add: The sub-string that's being added to the [Text] string.
 
Function Replace$ (Text1 As String, Find1 As String, Add1 As String)
    ' VARIABLES:
    Dim Text2 As String
    Dim Find2 As String
    Dim Add2 As String
    Dim lngLocation As Long ' The address of the [Find] substring within the [Text] string.
    Dim strBefore As String ' The characters before the string to be replaced.
    Dim strAfter As String ' The characters after the string to be replaced.
 
    ' INITIALIZE:
    ' MAKE COPIESSO THE ORIGINAL IS NOT MODIFIED (LIKE ByVal IN VBA)
    Text2 = Text1
    Find2 = Find1
    Add2 = Add1
 
    lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
 
    ' PROCESSING:
    ' While [Find2] appears in [Text2]...
    While lngLocation
        ' Extract all Text2 before the [Find2] substring:
        strBefore = Left$(Text2, lngLocation - 1)
 
        ' Extract all text after the [Find2] substring:
        strAfter = Right$(Text2, ((Len(Text2) - (lngLocation + Len(Find2) - 1))))
 
        ' Return the substring:
        Text2 = strBefore + Add2 + strAfter
 
        ' Locate the next instance of [Find2]:
        lngLocation = InStr(1, Text2, Find2)
 
        ' Next instance of [Find2]...
    Wend
 
    ' OUTPUT:
    Replace$ = Text2
End Function ' Replace$
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' fantastically inefficient way to set a bit
 
' example use: arrMaze(iX, iY) = SetBit256%(arrMaze(iX, iY), cS, FALSE)
 
' See also: GetBit256%, SetBit256%
 
' newint=SetBit256%(oldint, int containing the bits we want to set, value to set them to)
Function SetBit256% (iNum1 As Integer, iBit1 As Integer, bVal1 As Integer)
    Dim sNum As String
    Dim sBit As String
    Dim sVal As String
    Dim iLoop As Integer
    Dim strResult As String
    Dim iResult As Integer
    Dim iNum As Integer: iNum = iNum1
    Dim iBit As Integer: iBit = iBit1
    Dim bVal As Integer: bVal = bVal1
 
    If iNum < 256 And iBit <= 128 Then
        sNum = GetBinary$(iNum)
        sBit = GetBinary$(iBit)
        If bVal = TRUE Then
            sVal = "1"
        Else
            sVal = "0"
        End If
        strResult = ""
        For iLoop = 1 To 8
            If Mid$(sBit, iLoop, 1) = "1" Then
                strResult = strResult + sVal
            Else
                strResult = strResult + Mid$(sNum, iLoop, 1)
            End If
        Next iLoop
        iResult = GetIntegerFromBinary%(strResult)
    Else
        iResult = iNum
    End If
 
    SetBit256% = iResult
End Function ' SetBit256%
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Split and join strings
' https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1073.0
'
' FROM luke, QB64 Developer
' Date: February 15, 2019, 04:11:07 AM Â»
'
' Given a string of words separated by spaces (or any other character),
' splits it into an array of the words. I've no doubt many people have
' written a version of this over the years and no doubt there's a million
' ways to do it, but I thought I'd put mine here so we have at least one
' version. There's also a join function that does the opposite
' array -> single string.
'
' Code is hopefully reasonably self explanatory with comments and a little demo.
' Note, this is akin to Python/JavaScript split/join, PHP explode/implode.
 
'Split in$ into pieces, chopping at every occurrence of delimiter$. Multiple consecutive occurrences
'of delimiter$ are treated as a single instance. The chopped pieces are stored in result$().
'
'delimiter$ must be one character long.
'result$() must have been REDIMmed previously.
 
Sub split (in$, delimiter$, result$())
    ReDim result$(-1)
    start = 1
    Do
        While Mid$(in$, start, 1) = delimiter$
            start = start + 1
            If start > Len(in$) Then Exit Sub
        Wend
        finish = InStr(start, in$, delimiter$)
        If finish = 0 Then finish = Len(in$) + 1
        ReDim _Preserve result$(0 To UBound(result$) + 1)
        result$(UBound(result$)) = Mid$(in$, start, finish - start)
        start = finish + 1
    Loop While start <= Len(in$)
End Sub ' split
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub SplitTest
 
    Dim in$
    Dim delim$
    ReDim arrTest$(0)
    Dim iLoop%
 
    delim$ = Chr$(10)
    in$ = "this" + delim$ + "is" + delim$ + "a" + delim$ + "test"
    Print "in$ = " + Chr$(34) + in$ + Chr$(34)
    Print "delim$ = " + Chr$(34) + delimeter$ + Chr$(34)
    split in$, delim$, arrTest$()
 
    For iLoop% = LBound(arrTest$) To UBound(arrTest$)
        Print "arrTest$(" + LTrim$(RTrim$(Str$(iLoop%))) + ") = " + Chr$(34) + arrTest$(iLoop%) + Chr$(34)
    Next iLoop%
    Print
    Print "Split test finished."
End Sub ' SplitTest
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
Sub WaitForEnter
    Dim in$
    Input "Press <ENTER> to continue", in$
End Sub ' WaitForEnter
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' WaitForKey "Press <ESC> to continue", 27, 0
' WaitForKey "Press <ENTER> to begin;", 13, 0
' waitforkey "", 65, 5
 
Sub WaitForKey (prompt$, KeyCode&, DelaySeconds%)
    ' SHOW PROMPT (IF SPECIFIED)
    If Len(prompt$) > 0 Then
        If Right$(prompt$, 1) <> ";" Then
            Print prompt$
        Else
            Print Right$(prompt$, Len(prompt$) - 1);
        End If
    End If
 
    ' WAIT FOR KEY
    Do: Loop Until _KeyDown(KeyCode&) ' leave loop when specified key pressed
 
    ' PAUSE AFTER (IF SPECIFIED)
    If DelaySeconds% < 1 Then
        _KeyClear: '_DELAY 1
    Else
        _KeyClear: _Delay DelaySeconds%
    End If
End Sub ' WaitForKey
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END GENERAL PURPOSE FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN COLOR ROUTINES
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' Receives:
' cycleColor = determines how foreColor, backColor are modified
' foreColor  = the foreground color
' backColor  = the background color (if needed)
 
' /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
' DoCycleColor colorScheme%, myColor&
 
' colorScheme = color scheme (value is alternated on subsequent calls)
' myColor     = the current color (value is incremented/decremented on subsequent calls)
 
' colorScheme values:
'  1 Rainbow6 #1
'  9 Rainbow6 #2
'  2 Rainbow18 #1
' 10 Rainbow18 #2
'  3 Grayscale #1
' 11 Grayscale #2
'  4 Grayscale #1
' 12 Grayscale #2
 
Sub DoCycleColor (colorScheme As Integer, myColor As Long)
    ' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ' CYCLE FORE COLOR
 
    ' 1, 9 = simple rainbow
    If colorScheme = 1 Or colorScheme = 9 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cRed&:
                myColor = cOrange&
            Case cOrange&:
                myColor = cYellow&
            Case cYellow&:
                myColor = cGreen&
            Case cGreen&:
                myColor = cBlue&
            Case cBlue&:
                myColor = cPurple&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cRed&
        End Select
 
    ' 2, 10 = complex rainbow
    ElseIf colorScheme = 2 Or colorScheme = 10 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cRed&:
                myColor = cOrangeRed&
            Case cOrangeRed&:
                myColor = cDarkOrange&
            Case cDarkOrange&:
                myColor = cOrange&
            Case cOrange&:
                myColor = cGold&
            Case cGold&:
                myColor = cYellow&
            Case cYellow&:
                myColor = cOliveDrab1&
            Case cOliveDrab1&:
                myColor = cLime&
            Case cLime&:
                myColor = cMediumSpringGreen&
            Case cMediumSpringGreen&:
                myColor = cCyan&
            Case cCyan&:
                myColor = cDeepSkyBlue&
            Case cDeepSkyBlue&:
                myColor = cDodgerBlue&
            Case cDodgerBlue&:
                myColor = cSeaBlue&
            Case cSeaBlue&:
                myColor = cBlue&
            Case cBlue&:
                myColor = cBluePurple&
            Case cBluePurple&:
                myColor = cDeepPurple&
            Case cDeepPurple&:
                myColor = cPurple&
            Case cPurple&:
                myColor = cPurpleRed&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cRed&
        End Select
 
    ' 3, 11 = grayscale, ascending
    ElseIf colorScheme = 3 Or colorScheme = 11 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cBlack&:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
            Case cDarkGray&:
                myColor = cDimGray&
            Case cDimGray&:
                myColor = cGray&
            Case cGray&:
                myColor = cLightGray&
            Case cLightGray&:
                myColor = cSilver&
            Case cSilver&:
                myColor = cWhite&
            Case Else:
                'myColor = cBlack&
                myColor = cSilver&
 
                ' go in the other direction!
                If colorScheme = 3 Then
                    colorScheme = 4
                Else
                    colorScheme = 12
                End If
 
        End Select
 
    ' 4, 8, 12 = grayscale, descending
    ElseIf colorScheme = 4 Or colorScheme = 12 Then
        Select Case myColor
            Case cWhite&:
                myColor = cSilver&
            Case cSilver&:
                myColor = cLightGray&
            Case cLightGray&:
                myColor = cGray&
            Case cGray&:
                myColor = cDimGray&
            Case cDimGray&:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
            Case cDarkGray&:
                myColor = cBlack&
            Case Else:
                myColor = cDarkGray&
 
                ' go in the other direction!
                If colorScheme = 4 Then
                    colorScheme = 3
                Else
                    colorScheme = 11
                End If
        End Select
 
    End If
    
End Sub ' DoCycleColor
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END COLOR ROUTINES
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' BEGIN COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' NOTE: these are mostly negative numbers
'       and have to be forced to positive
'       when stored in the dictionary
'       (only cEmpty& should be negative)
 
Function cRed& ()
    cRed& = _RGB32(255, 0, 0)
End Function
 
Function cOrangeRed& ()
    cOrangeRed& = _RGB32(255, 69, 0)
End Function ' cOrangeRed&
 
Function cDarkOrange& ()
    cDarkOrange& = _RGB32(255, 140, 0)
End Function ' cDarkOrange&
 
Function cOrange& ()
    cOrange& = _RGB32(255, 165, 0)
End Function ' cOrange&
 
Function cGold& ()
    cGold& = _RGB32(255, 215, 0)
End Function ' cGold&
 
Function cYellow& ()
    cYellow& = _RGB32(255, 255, 0)
End Function ' cYellow&
 
' LONG-HAIRED FRIENDS OF JESUS OR NOT,
' THIS IS NOT YELLOW ENOUGH (TOO CLOSE TO LIME)
' TO USE FOR OUR COMPLEX RAINBOW SEQUENCE:
Function cChartreuse& ()
    cChartreuse& = _RGB32(127, 255, 0)
End Function ' cChartreuse&
 
' WE SUBSTITUTE THIS CSS3 COLOR FOR INBETWEEN LIME AND YELLOW:
Function cOliveDrab1& ()
    cOliveDrab1& = _RGB32(192, 255, 62)
End Function ' cOliveDrab1&
 
Function cLime& ()
    cLime& = _RGB32(0, 255, 0)
End Function ' cLime&
 
Function cMediumSpringGreen& ()
    cMediumSpringGreen& = _RGB32(0, 250, 154)
End Function ' cMediumSpringGreen&
 
Function cCyan& ()
    cCyan& = _RGB32(0, 255, 255)
End Function ' cCyan&
 
Function cDeepSkyBlue& ()
    cDeepSkyBlue& = _RGB32(0, 191, 255)
End Function ' cDeepSkyBlue&
 
Function cDodgerBlue& ()
    cDodgerBlue& = _RGB32(30, 144, 255)
End Function ' cDodgerBlue&
 
Function cSeaBlue& ()
    cSeaBlue& = _RGB32(0, 64, 255)
End Function ' cSeaBlue&
 
Function cBlue& ()
    cBlue& = _RGB32(0, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBlue&
 
Function cBluePurple& ()
    cBluePurple& = _RGB32(64, 0, 255)
End Function ' cBluePurple&
 
Function cDeepPurple& ()
    cDeepPurple& = _RGB32(96, 0, 255)
End Function ' cDeepPurple&
 
Function cPurple& ()
    cPurple& = _RGB32(128, 0, 255)
End Function ' cPurple&
 
Function cPurpleRed& ()
    cPurpleRed& = _RGB32(128, 0, 192)
End Function ' cPurpleRed&
 
Function cDarkRed& ()
    cDarkRed& = _RGB32(160, 0, 64)
End Function ' cDarkRed&
 
Function cBrickRed& ()
    cBrickRed& = _RGB32(192, 0, 32)
End Function ' cBrickRed&
 
Function cDarkGreen& ()
    cDarkGreen& = _RGB32(0, 100, 0)
End Function ' cDarkGreen&
 
Function cGreen& ()
    cGreen& = _RGB32(0, 128, 0)
End Function ' cGreen&
 
Function cOliveDrab& ()
    cOliveDrab& = _RGB32(107, 142, 35)
End Function ' cOliveDrab&
 
Function cLightPink& ()
    cLightPink& = _RGB32(255, 182, 193)
End Function ' cLightPink&
 
Function cHotPink& ()
    cHotPink& = _RGB32(255, 105, 180)
End Function ' cHotPink&
 
Function cDeepPink& ()
    cDeepPink& = _RGB32(255, 20, 147)
End Function ' cDeepPink&
 
Function cMagenta& ()
    cMagenta& = _RGB32(255, 0, 255)
End Function ' cMagenta&
 
Function cBlack& ()
    cBlack& = _RGB32(0, 0, 0)
End Function ' cBlack&
 
Function cDimGray& ()
    cDimGray& = _RGB32(105, 105, 105)
End Function ' cDimGray&
 
Function cGray& ()
    cGray& = _RGB32(128, 128, 128)
End Function ' cGray&
 
Function cDarkGray& ()
    cDarkGray& = _RGB32(169, 169, 169)
End Function ' cDarkGray&
 
Function cSilver& ()
    cSilver& = _RGB32(192, 192, 192)
End Function ' cSilver&
 
Function cLightGray& ()
    cLightGray& = _RGB32(211, 211, 211)
End Function ' cLightGray&
 
Function cGainsboro& ()
    cGainsboro& = _RGB32(220, 220, 220)
End Function ' cGainsboro&
 
Function cWhiteSmoke& ()
    cWhiteSmoke& = _RGB32(245, 245, 245)
End Function ' cWhiteSmoke&
 
Function cWhite& ()
    cWhite& = _RGB32(255, 255, 255)
End Function ' cWhite&
 
Function cDarkBrown& ()
    cDarkBrown& = _RGB32(128, 64, 0)
End Function ' cDarkBrown&
 
Function cLightBrown& ()
    cLightBrown& = _RGB32(196, 96, 0)
End Function ' cLightBrown&
 
Function cKhaki& ()
    cKhaki& = _RGB32(240, 230, 140)
End Function ' cKhaki&
 
Function cEmpty& ()
    cEmpty& = -1
End Function ' cEmpty&
 
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
' END COLOR FUNCTIONS
' ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
' #END
' ################################################################################################################################################################
 

STxAxTIC · « **Reply #3 on:** December 12, 2021, 04:44:21 pm »

Just to be extra sure, it's safest that all your colors are unsigned long instead of regular long. But if that doesn't work, just sit tight: someone'll jump in and answer this. (The code has several names in it, so maybe those people.)

madscijr · « **Reply #4 on:** December 12, 2021, 05:00:15 pm »

Quote from: STxAxTIC on December 12, 2021, 04:44:21 pm

Just to be extra sure, it's safest that all your colors are unsigned long instead of regular long. But if that doesn't work, just sit tight: someone'll jump in and answer this. (The code has several names in it, so maybe those people.)

I did find some places where I had declared the colors as Long, and changed it to _Unsigned Long, but the white is still missing.

To be clear, when you do

Code: QB64: [Select]

Dim myColor&

is that a Long or _Unsigned Long?
If it is not unsigned, is there a prefix to use instead of "&"?

For now, your "off-white" suggestion is a good workaround, I'm using rgb(254,254,254) for white.

Thanks again...

Cobalt · « **Reply #5 on:** December 12, 2021, 05:07:52 pm »

Yes _RGB32 colors have to be UNSIGNED LONGS (~& There is a reason there is a WIKI to look these things up)

when calling functions you do NOT need the prefix except when declaring:

FUNCTION WHITE~&
WHITE = _RGB32(254)
END FUNCTION

and using grey scale colors you only need 1 value not 3

as for why 255 white is not showing up, with that code there is probably little chance of finding a reason easily.

madscijr · « **Reply #6 on:** December 12, 2021, 06:46:24 pm »

Quote from: Cobalt on December 12, 2021, 05:07:52 pm

Yes _RGB32 colors have to be UNSIGNED LONGS (~& There is a reason there is a WIKI to look these things up)

when calling functions you do NOT need the prefix except when declaring:

FUNCTION WHITE~&
WHITE = _RGB32(254)
END FUNCTION

and using grey scale colors you only need 1 value not 3

as for why 255 white is not showing up, with that code there is probably little chance of finding a reason easily.

Thanks for all the info!

SMcNeill · « **Reply #7 on:** December 12, 2021, 06:59:20 pm »

Is there any place in your code where you're using a -1 as a check to not draw something? _RGB32(255, 255, 255) returns a hex value of FFFFFFFF.

FFFFFFFF can represent two very different values. As an UNSIGNED LONG, it represents 4,294,967,295. As a SIGNED LONG, it represents -1.

Since QB64 allows for overflow, those two values are sometimes equivalent. Try a simple COLOR -1 sometime and you'll see it's the exact same thing as COLOR _RGB(255, 255, 255).

If -1 is an error check, or a "do not draw" check, it'd explain why _RGB(254, 255, 255) draws while _RGB(255, 255, 255) doesn't.

madscijr · « **Reply #8 on:** December 12, 2021, 08:34:15 pm »

Quote from: SMcNeill on December 12, 2021, 06:59:20 pm

Is there any place in your code where you're using a -1 as a check to not draw something? _RGB32(255, 255, 255) returns a hex value of FFFFFFFF.

FFFFFFFF can represent two very different values. As an UNSIGNED LONG, it represents 4,294,967,295. As a SIGNED LONG, it represents -1.

Since QB64 allows for overflow, those two values are sometimes equivalent. Try a simple COLOR -1 sometime and you'll see it's the exact same thing as COLOR _RGB(255, 255, 255).

If -1 is an error check, or a "do not draw" check, it'd explain why _RGB(254, 255, 255) draws while _RGB(255, 255, 255) doesn't.

I very well might have been checking for -1. I'm going to double check all my variable declarations, and make sure nothing is declared as a signed long, that can inadvertently filter out the true color value for white.

Thanks!!

UPDATE: looking through my code, there are tons of color variables that are declared as signed long. I updated them to unsigned long, but still white is not displaying. I suspect there are still more color variables or parameters hiding in there that are signed Long, so will just have to go through everything with a fine tooth comb as time allows.

Thanks again!

Dav · « **Reply #9 on:** December 12, 2021, 10:04:18 pm »

Hi @madscijr. Your code looks very well made. I hope to try it out tomorrow.

I'm not in a position to run QB64 code tonight, but looking through your code, it looks like your're calling the &cWhite function, which calls the _RGB32 function, before setting the screen up (Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32)). If I remember right, _RGB32 calls won't work without setting the screen up first. Could that be what is causing white to fail?

- Dav

madscijr · « **Reply #10 on:** December 12, 2021, 10:08:13 pm »

Quote from: Dav on December 12, 2021, 10:04:18 pm

Hi @madscijr. Your code looks very well made. I hope to try it out tomorrow.

I'm not in a position to run QB64 code tonight, but looking through your code, it looks like your're calling the &cWhite function, which calls the _RGB32 function, before setting the screen up (Screen _NewImage(1280, 1024, 32)). If I remember right, _RGB32 calls won't work without setting the screen up first. Could that be what is causing white to fail?

- Dav

Interesting - I'll give it a look and try moving the Screen command before any _RGB32 calls. Thank You!

madscijr · « **Reply #11 on:** December 12, 2021, 10:10:49 pm »

Quote from: SMcNeill on December 12, 2021, 06:59:20 pm

Is there any place in your code where you're using a -1 as a check to not draw something? _RGB32(255, 255, 255) returns a hex value of FFFFFFFF.

FFFFFFFF can represent two very different values. As an UNSIGNED LONG, it represents 4,294,967,295. As a SIGNED LONG, it represents -1.

Since QB64 allows for overflow, those two values are sometimes equivalent. Try a simple COLOR -1 sometime and you'll see it's the exact same thing as COLOR _RGB(255, 255, 255).

If -1 is an error check, or a "do not draw" check, it'd explain why _RGB(254, 255, 255) draws while _RGB(255, 255, 255) doesn't.

I think you may be onto something... I wrote these color routines before realizing the values were Unsigned Long, and indeed, the value -1 is used as a check not to draw something (function cEmpty).
I ran a simple test, and sure enough, the value for cEmpty and cWhite is the same.

I changed the value of cEmpty to _RGB32(0, 0, 0, 0) and white is now displaying.

Case closed. Thank You!

Test code:

Code: QB64: [Select]

Dim in$
Print "cEmpty=" + cstrul$(cEmpty)
Print "cWhite=" + cstrul$(cWhite)
Input "PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE"; in$
 
Function cEmpty~& ()
    cEmpty~& = -1
End Function ' cEmpty~&
 
Function cWhite~& ()
    cWhite = _RGB32(255, 255, 255)
    'cWhite = _RGB32(254, 254, 254)
End Function ' cWhite~&
 
Function cstrul$ (myValue As _Unsigned Long)
    cstrul$ = _Trim$(Str$(myValue))
End Function ' cstrul$
 

Richard Frost · « **Reply #12 on:** December 13, 2021, 03:59:47 am »

Good it's fixed, and no cats have to be dipped in paint.

madscijr · « **Reply #13 on:** December 13, 2021, 07:14:35 am »

Quote from: Richard Frost on December 13, 2021, 03:59:47 am

Good it's fixed, and no cats have to be dipped in paint.

LoL, is that what happens when we leave bugs in our code?

madscijr · « **Reply #14 on:** December 19, 2021, 10:22:53 pm »

For anyone looking for more info on this subject, see Steve's post:

https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=4480.0

News:

Author Topic: any idea why the color white is not visible? (Read 5585 times)

madscijr

any idea why the color white is not visible?

STxAxTIC

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

STxAxTIC

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

Cobalt

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

SMcNeill

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

Dav

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

Richard Frost

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?

madscijr

Re: any idea why the color white is not visible?