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Active Forums => QB64 Discussion => Topic started by: jack on June 11, 2021, 07:04:18 pm

Title: array in type
Post by: jack on June 11, 2021, 07:04:18 pm
apparently arrays are not allowed in a type, that's a pity
is there a work-around for this limitation?
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on June 11, 2021, 07:18:16 pm
Use MEM and then store the array in the MEM
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: jack on June 11, 2021, 07:21:29 pm
yes, but mem requires a lot of house keeping, not user friendly
I thinking of faking an array using a string*size
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on June 11, 2021, 07:27:36 pm
Do it however you wish
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: jack on June 11, 2021, 07:50:21 pm
here's my attempt at a fake array
Code: QB64: [Select]
  1. Type dec
  2.     m As String * 50
  4.  
  7. Dim As dec d
  8.  
  9. j = 1
  10. For i = 1 To 12
  11.     v = MKL$(i)
  12.     Mid$(d.m, j, 4) = v
  13.     j = j + 4
  15.  
  16. j = 1
  17. For i = 1 To 12
  18.     n = CVL(Mid$(d.m, j, 4))
  19.     j = j + 4
  20.     Print i, n
  22.  
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: bplus on June 11, 2021, 08:06:21 pm
I've been talking about String arrays like forever!
So has Luke: https://www.qb64.org/forum/index.php?topic=1511.msg129084#msg129084

Right after that reply there is one for variable length strings.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on June 11, 2021, 08:58:15 pm
I fail to see how that is more elegant than MEM.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: luke on June 11, 2021, 09:22:55 pm
It doesn't require initialising the men block, and (more importantly) is automatically collected by the garbage collector when it goes out of scope.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: FellippeHeitor on June 11, 2021, 09:57:02 pm
I've used string arrays quite often too.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: NOVARSEG on June 11, 2021, 10:22:45 pm

from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53410020/use-an-array-in-a-user-defined-type-in-qbasic

Quote
Although you CANNOT do this in QB1.1, QB4.5, or QB64, you CAN do this in supersets of the BASIC dialect known as QB7.1(BC7/PDS), and VBDOS(v1.00):
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: Cobalt on June 11, 2021, 10:24:58 pm
It must be time for my YEARLY or MULTI-YEARLY petition for ARRAYs in UDT!

ARRAYs IN UDTs PLEASE!
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: bplus on June 12, 2021, 10:09:15 am
Quote from: Cobalt on June 11, 2021, 10:24:58 pm
It must be time for my YEARLY or MULTI-YEARLY petition for ARRAYs in UDT!

ARRAYs IN UDTs PLEASE!

What! and waste all these great work-arounds? ;-))

Title: Re: array in type
Post by: jack on June 12, 2021, 11:08:39 am
thanks bplus, my example above can be simplified a bit if our simulated array index starts at 0
Code: QB64: [Select]
  1. For i = 0 To 12-1
  2.     v = MKL$(i)
  3.     Mid$(d.m, 4 * i + 1, 4) = v
  5.  
no need for a dedicated variable for the index
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: jack on June 12, 2021, 12:47:00 pm
here's the start of my project, a decimal floating-point package and hence the need for array in type
I chose unsigned long for the elements because the result of multiplying two longs fits in a 64-bit integer
the code here is only the foundation, as a test it converts strings to decfloat and back, I also did a proof of concept addition
Quote
3.14159265 358979323 846264338 327950288 419716939 937510582E+00000
 3.14159265 358979323 846264338 327950288 419716939 937510582E+00000
 6.28318530 717958647 692528676 655900576 839433879 875021164E+00000

Code: QB64: [Select]
  3.  
  4. Const NUM_DIGITS = 9 * 10
  5. Const NUM_DWORDS = NUM_DIGITS \ 9
  6. Const NUM_BYTES = 2 + 4 * NUM_DWORDS
  7. Const BIAS = 1073741824 '2 ^ 30
  8.  
  9. ' Error definitions
  10.  
  11. Const DIVZ_ERR = 1 'Divide by zero
  12. Const EXPO_ERR = 2 'Exponent overflow error
  13. Const EXPU_ERR = 3 'Exponent underflow error
  14.  
  15. Type decfloat
  16.     sign As _Unsigned Integer
  17.     exponent As _Unsigned Long
  18.     mantissa As String * Num_bytes
  20.  
  21. Dim As decfloat x, y
  24.  
  26. pi = "3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459"
  27. pi = pi + "230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384"
  28.  
  29. Call str2dec(pi, x)
  30. Call str2dec(pi, y)
  31.  
  32. Print dec2str(x)
  33. Print dec2str(y)
  34.  
  35. ' =====================================================
  36. ' add x + y = 2 * Pi
  37.  
  38. c = 0
  39. For i = NUM_DWORDS - 1 To 0 Step -1
  40.     v = CVL(Mid$(x.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4)) + CVL(Mid$(y.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4)) + c
  41.     If v > 999999999 Then
  42.         v = v - 1000000000
  43.         c = 1
  44.     Else
  45.         c = 0
  46.     End If
  47.     Mid$(y.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4) = MKL$(v)
  49.  
  50. Print dec2str(y)
  51. Call RSHIFT_1(y)
  52. Call LSHIFT_1(y)
  53. Print "the last digit before E should be 0 due to right-shift"
  54. Print dec2str(y)
  55.  
  56. Sub str2dec (value As String, n As decfloat)
  57.     Dim As Integer j, s, d, e, ep, ex, es, i, f, fp, fln
  58.     Dim As String c, f1, f2, f3, ts
  59.     Dim As _Unsigned Long ulng
  60.  
  61.     j = 1
  62.     s = 1
  63.     d = 0
  64.     e = 0
  65.     ep = 0
  66.     ex = 0
  67.     es = 1
  68.     i = 0
  69.     f = 0
  70.     fp = 0
  71.     f1 = ""
  72.     f2 = ""
  73.     f3 = ""
  74.     value = UCase$(value)
  75.     fln = Len(value)
  76.  
  77.     While j <= fln
  78.         c = Mid$(value, j, 1)
  79.         If ep = 1 Then
  80.             If c = " " Then
  81.                 j = j + 1
  82.                 GoTo skip_while
  83.             End If
  84.             If c = "-" Then
  85.                 es = -es
  86.                 c = ""
  87.             End If
  88.             If c = "+" Then
  89.                 j = j + 1
  90.                 GoTo skip_while
  91.             End If
  92.             If (c = "0") And (f3 = "") Then
  93.                 j = j + 1
  94.                 GoTo skip_while
  95.             End If
  96.             If (c > "/") And (c < ":") Then 'c is digit between 0 and 9
  97.                 f3 = f3 + c
  98.                 ex = 10 * ex + (Asc(c) - 48)
  99.                 j = j + 1
  100.                 GoTo skip_while
  101.             End If
  102.         End If
  103.  
  104.         If c = " " Then
  105.             j = j + 1
  106.             GoTo skip_while
  107.         End If
  108.         If c = "-" Then
  109.             s = -s
  110.             j = j + 1
  111.             GoTo skip_while
  112.         End If
  113.         If c = "+" Then
  114.             j = j + 1
  115.             GoTo skip_while
  116.         End If
  117.         If c = "." Then
  118.             If d = 1 Then
  119.                 j = j + 1
  120.                 GoTo skip_while
  121.             End If
  122.             d = 1
  123.         End If
  124.         If (c > "/") And (c < ":") Then 'c is digit between 0 and 9
  125.             If ((c = "0") And (i = 0)) Then
  126.                 If d = 0 Then
  127.                     j = j + 1
  128.                     GoTo skip_while
  129.                 End If
  130.                 If (d = 1) And (f = 0) Then
  131.                     e = e - 1
  132.                     j = j + 1
  133.                     GoTo skip_while
  134.                 End If
  135.             End If
  136.             If d = 0 Then
  137.                 f1 = f1 + c
  138.                 i = i + 1
  139.             Else
  140.                 If (c > "0") Then
  141.                     fp = 1
  142.                 End If
  143.                 f2 = f2 + c
  144.                 f = f + 1
  145.             End If
  146.         End If
  147.         If c = "E" Then
  148.             ep = 1
  149.         End If
  150.         j = j + 1
  151.         skip_while:
  152.     Wend
  153.     If fp = 0 Then
  154.         f = 0
  155.         f2 = ""
  156.     End If
  157.  
  158.     If s = -1 Then s = &H8000 Else s = 0
  159.     n.sign = s
  160.     ex = es * ex - 1 + i + e
  161.     f1 = f1 + f2
  162.     f1 = Mid$(f1, 1, 1) + Right$(f1, Len(f1) - 1)
  163.     fln = Len(f1)
  164.     If Len(f1) > ((NUM_DWORDS * 9) + 1) Then
  165.         f1 = Mid$(f1, 1, ((NUM_DWORDS * 9) + 1))
  166.     End If
  167.     While Len(f1) < ((NUM_DWORDS * 9) + 1)
  168.         f1 = f1 + "0"
  169.     Wend
  170.     j = 1
  171.     For i = 0 To NUM_DWORDS - 1
  172.         ts = Mid$(f1, j, 9)
  173.         ulng = Val(ts)
  174.         Mid$(n.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4) = MKL$(ulng)
  175.         If ulng <> 0 Then fp = 1
  176.         j = j + 9
  177.     Next
  178.     If fp Then n.exponent = (ex + BIAS + 1) Else n.exponent = 0
  180.  
  181. Function dec2str$ (n As decfloat)
  182.     Dim As Integer i, ex
  183.     Dim As String v, f, ts
  184.     If n.exponent > 0 Then
  185.         ex = (n.exponent And &H7FFFFFFF) - BIAS - 1
  186.     Else
  187.         ex = 0
  188.     End If
  189.     If n.sign Then v = "-" Else v = " "
  190.     ts = _Trim$(Str$(CVL(Mid$(n.mantissa, 4 * 0 + 1, 4))))
  191.     If Len(ts) < 9 Then
  192.         ts = ts + String$(9 - Len(ts), "0")
  193.     End If
  194.     v = v + Left$(ts, 1) + "." + Mid$(ts, 2)
  195.     For i = 1 To NUM_DWORDS - 1
  196.         ts = _Trim$(Str$(CVL(Mid$(n.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4))))
  197.         If Len(ts) < 9 Then
  198.             ts = String$(9 - Len(ts), "0") + ts
  199.         End If
  200.         v = v + ts
  201.     Next
  202.     f = _Trim$(Str$(Abs(ex)))
  203.     f = String$(5 - Len(f), "0") + f
  204.     If ex < 0 Then v = v + "E-" Else v = v + "E+"
  205.     v = v + f
  206.     dec2str = v
  208.  
  209. Sub RSHIFT_1 (mantissa As decfloat)
  210.     Dim As _Unsigned Long v1, v2
  211.     Dim As Long i
  212.     For i = NUM_DWORDS - 1 To 1 Step -1
  213.         v1 = CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4)) \ 10
  214.         v2 = CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (i - 1) + 1, 4)) Mod 10
  215.         v2 = v2 * 100000000 + v1
  216.         Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4) = MKL$(v2)
  217.     Next
  218.     Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * 0 + 1, 4) = MKL$(CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * 0 + 1, 4)) \ 10)
  220.  
  221. Sub LSHIFT_1 (mantissa As decfloat)
  222.     Dim As _Unsigned Long v1, v2
  223.     Dim As Long i
  224.     For i = 0 To NUM_DWORDS - 2
  225.         v1 = CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4)) Mod 100000000
  226.         v2 = CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (i + 1) + 1, 4)) \ 100000000
  227.         Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * i + 1, 4) = MKL$(v1 * 10 + v2)
  228.         Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (i + 1) + 1, 4) = MKL$(CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (i + 1) + 1, 4)) Mod 100000000)
  229.     Next
  230.     Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (NUM_DWORDS - 1) + 1, 4) = MKL$(10 * CVL(Mid$(mantissa.mantissa, 4 * (NUM_DWORDS - 1) + 1, 4)) Mod 100000000)
  232.  
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: jack on June 12, 2021, 03:21:35 pm
instead of using the convoluted CVL, Mkl$ and Mid$ to access the memory I think using a temporary array would be far better
proof of concept
<edit> not reliable
Code: QB64: [Select]
  2.     Sub memcpy (ByVal dest As _Offset, Byval source As _Offset, Byval bytes As Long)
  4.  
  5. Type dec
  6.     m As String * 46
  8.  
  9. Dim As Long i, m
  10. Dim As Long a(0 To 10), b(0 To 10)
  11. Dim x As dec
  12.  
  13. For i = 0 To 10
  14.     a(i) = i * i
  16.  
  17. memcpy _Offset(x.m), _Offset(a()), Len(a())
  18.  
  19. For i = 0 To 10
  20.     m = CVL(Mid$(x.m, 4 * i + 1, 4))
  21.     Print i, m
  23.  
  24. memcpy _Offset(b()), _Offset(x.m), Len(b())
  25.  
  26. For i = 0 To 10
  27.     Print i, b(i)
  29.  
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: Ivan on June 14, 2021, 07:42:36 am
Is arrays of types also missing?
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on June 14, 2021, 07:44:02 am
You can have arrays of types. You just can't have arrays IN types.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: Ivan on June 14, 2021, 01:29:47 pm
Quote from: SpriggsySpriggs on June 14, 2021, 07:44:02 am
You can have arrays of types. You just can't have arrays IN types.

The basic i'm currently using don't have types but can have structs of arrays and can have arrays in structs, and I think I mostly can use structs like types.

Exepct that types in QB64 are more precise and more nicely listed and much easier to read.

I' in midst of programming a relational database with one to many relations using arrays with four different files.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on June 14, 2021, 02:24:31 pm
To me, this seems absolutely simple enough for an array in type:

Code: QB64: [Select]
  2.  
  3. Type arrTest
  4.     As _MEM array
  6.  
  7. Dim As arrTest arrTest
  8.  
  9. Dim As Long array(1 To 3)
  10.  
  11. array(1) = 100
  12. array(2) = 5
  13. array(3) = 34
  14.  
  15. arrTest.array = _Mem(array())
  16.  
  17. Dim As Long array2(1 To Val(Str$(arrTest.array.SIZE)) / Val(Str$(arrTest.array.ELEMENTSIZE)))
  18. _MemGet arrTest.array, arrTest.array.OFFSET, array2()
  19. '_MemFree arrTest.array
  20.  
  21. Dim x
  22. For x = LBound(array2) To UBound(array2)
  23.     Print array2(x)
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: Ivan on June 15, 2021, 03:19:47 pm
Most code I have just done seems maybe not simple, but clear. Not many days later, when i have look at the same code I think, what is going on...

I think if I dig into your code I would understand how to use it.

But I wish someting like this pseudo code in QB64:

type vector(array)
  x(array)
  y(array)
  z(array)
end type

or the basic I use (not pseudo):

dim vector_{ a(9,9,9), x(9), y(9), z(9) }
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: bplus on June 15, 2021, 04:29:18 pm
Here is how to do it (use variable length String Arrays instead of number arrays) in a Type.

Demo of building a Double Spiral without resort to arrays, storing all the points into a Type Variable:
Code: QB64: [Select]
  2. _Title "Array strings in Type Demo" ' b+ 2021-06-15
  3. Const xmx = 640
  4. Const ymx = 640
  5.  
  6. Screen _NewImage(xmx, ymx, 32)
  7. _Delay .25
  9.  
  10. Type points
  11.     xA As String
  12.     yA As String
  14. Dim sq, s2, points, ga, scale, n
  15. sq = ymx: s2 = sq / 2: points = 100: ga = 137.5
  16. scale = sq * 30 / 640
  17. Dim dblSpiral As points
  18.  
  19. ' build it into string arrays
  20. For n = 1 To points
  21.     'compare to xA(n) = s2 + scale * Sqr(n) * Cos(_D2R(n * ga))
  22.     'compare to yA(n) = s2 + scale * Sqr(n) * Sin(_D2R(n * ga))
  23.     SetLong dblSpiral.xA, n, s2 + scale * Sqr(n) * Cos(_D2R(n * ga))
  24.     SetLong dblSpiral.yA, n, s2 + scale * Sqr(n) * Sin(_D2R(n * ga))
  26.  
  27. ''display it
  28. For n = 3 To points
  29.     Line (GetLong&(dblSpiral.xA, n - 2), GetLong&(dblSpiral.yA, n - 2))-(GetLong&(dblSpiral.xA, n), GetLong&(dblSpiral.yA, n))
  31.  
  32. Sub SetLong (array$, index As Long, value&) ' Luke's Method except option explicit requires mod, no variables needed for one type
  33.     If Len(array$) < 4 * (index + 1) Then array$ = array$ + String$(4 * (index + 1) - Len(array$), Chr$(0))
  34.     Mid$(array$, index * 4 + 1) = _MK$(Long, value&)
  36.  
  37. Function GetLong& (array$, index As Long)
  38.     GetLong& = _CV(Long, Mid$(array$, index * 4 + 1, 4))
  40.  
  41.  

Of course you could display the Double Spiral immediately but you wouldn't have the points saved for further processing.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: madscijr on July 02, 2021, 10:01:18 am
Quote from: Cobalt on June 11, 2021, 10:24:58 pm
It must be time for my YEARLY or MULTI-YEARLY petition for ARRAYs in UDT!

ARRAYs IN UDTs PLEASE!

I second this motion! :-D
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: madscijr on July 02, 2021, 10:06:00 am
Quote from: SpriggsySpriggs on June 14, 2021, 02:24:31 pm
To me, this seems absolutely simple enough for an array in type:

Two questions for you Spriggs

Thanks
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on July 02, 2021, 10:07:04 am
@madscijr The example does show how to release it from memory. I just have it commented out. And of course it is cross-platform. It's just a regular QB64 function.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: SpriggsySpriggs on July 02, 2021, 10:28:21 am
The way that arrays are passed in Windows API from QB64 in TYPEs are always through an _Offset variable because we are passing it as a pointer in memory. What I'm showing is similar, although I'm instead passing the whole _MEM block rather than just the reference _MEM.OFFSET.

In my Task Dialog library, one passes an array of buttons in a variable called pButtons; an element of the TASKDIALOGCONFIG struct/type. The "p" in pButtons means "pointer" or, in our case, an _Offset. I pass the entire array using _Offset(btnArray()) and the Windows API handles it. I assume they are doing something similar on their end by copying the referenced memory to a newly defined array on the API side. That is why I suggested something similar for us since it works so well in all the APIs that have required an array in a struct.
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: madscijr on July 02, 2021, 10:45:40 am
Quote from: SpriggsySpriggs on July 02, 2021, 10:07:04 am
@madscijr The example does show how to release it from memory. I just have it commented out. And of course it is cross-platform. It's just a regular QB64 function.

Aha, thanks. I see the _MEMFREE now, not sure how that escaped my attention, maybe I need to adjust the colors on my monitor (I see it just fine on the iPhone screen!) Or maybe I just need coffee.
Either way thanks!
Title: Re: array in type
Post by: xra7en on July 04, 2021, 02:13:48 pm
Quote from: jack on June 11, 2021, 07:21:29 pm
yes, but mem requires a lot of house keeping, not user friendly
I thinking of faking an array using a string*size

Use a function similar to PHP "serialize"
Quote
https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.serialize.php

when I get time, i'll dig around in one of my libs and post it. I made a "kludgy" version as I too was disappointed at the arrays in TYPED vars. :-(

However - ALWAYS follow Spriggs tips!
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